In this carefully curated program, we embark on an enlightening journey through the tumultuous yet triumphant saga of India's struggle for independence. Through the lens of four captivating films, we delve deep into the heart of a nation's fervent desire for freedom, exploring the diverse voices and pivotal moments that shaped one of the most significant chapters in human history. Our cinematic odyssey commences with "An Encounter With Faces," a stirring short film directed by the renowned M.S. Sathyu. In this evocative piece, we are introduced to the unsung heroes and heroines whose unwavering resolve and selfless sacrifice formed the backbone of India's freedom movement. Through their stories, we glimpse the mosaic of courage and determination that characterized an era defined by resistance and resilience. Continuing our exploration, we journey back in time with "Bharat Ek Khoj - Episode 1: Bharat Mata Ki Jai," directed by the illustrious Shyam Benegal. This seminal episode of the iconic television series unravels the threads of nationalism and patriotism that bound together a diverse nation in its quest for liberation. Against the backdrop of a rising tide of fervent nationalism, we witness the stirring call to arms that echoed across the length and breadth of the land, uniting millions under the banner of Bharat Mata. Our next destination transports us to the heart of history with the "Speech of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose | Tokyo 1943." In this rare and historic footage, we are afforded a glimpse into the indomitable spirit and visionary leadership of one of India's most iconic freedom fighters. Through his impassioned words, Netaji ignites the flames of liberation, inspiring a nation to rise up and claim its rightful place on the world stage. His legacy serves as a testament to the power of courage, conviction, and unwavering determination in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds. Finally, we arrive at the culmination of our journey with "Tryst With Destiny: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's Independence Day Speech | 1947." Against the backdrop of a newly liberated nation, we bear witness to a seminal moment in history as Pandit Nehru delivers his iconic address, laying the foundation for a democratic and inclusive India. In his words, we hear the echoes of a nation's hopes and aspirations, as it steps boldly into a future forged in the fires of struggle and sacrifice. Together, these four films paint a vivid portrait of India's independence struggle – a tapestry woven with the threads of courage, resilience, and the unwavering spirit of a people determined to chart their own destiny. As we journey through the annals of history, let us reflect on the lessons of the past and draw inspiration from the enduring legacy of those who fought for freedom. For in their stories, we find the true essence of India's indomitable spirit – a spirit that continues to inspire and resonate across generations.

Welcome to "War Through Satirical Lenses: WWII Shorts Showcase," a program that promises a blend of humor, insight, and historical commentary as we explore the lighter side of wartime propaganda. In this specially curated lineup, we present a quartet of short films from the World War II era, each offering a unique and often humorous perspective on the tumultuous events of the time. Our journey begins with "The Ducktators" (1942), a Warner Bros. animated short that cleverly caricatures the Axis powers through the antics of cartoon ducks. From Adolf Hitler to Benito Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo, these feathered dictators provide a whimsical yet incisive commentary on the rise of fascism in Europe. Next up, we transition to "Out of the Frying Pan into the Firing Line" (1942), a slapstick comedy featuring the Three Stooges. Join Larry, Moe, and Curly as they stumble their way through military training, offering audiences a hilarious glimpse into the lighter side of wartime service. Continuing our exploration, we dive into the surreal world of "Der Fuehrer's Face" (1943), a Walt Disney Productions animated short starring Donald Duck. In this satirical masterpiece, Donald Duck experiences a nightmarish vision of life in Nazi Germany, delivering a powerful message about the absurdity of fascism and the values of freedom and democracy. But our program doesn't stop there! We're delighted to include selections from the "Private Snafu" series (1943-1945), a collection of animated shorts produced by Warner Bros. and directed by renowned animators such as Chuck Jones and Friz Freleng. Through the misadventures of the hapless Private Snafu, these shorts offer a humorous yet informative look at military life and wartime challenges, providing valuable lessons for soldiers and civilians alike. As we embark on this journey through wartime satire, let us not only revel in the comedic brilliance of these films but also reflect on their enduring relevance in reminding us of the importance of vigilance, resilience, and the triumph of the human spirit in the face of tyranny. "War Through Satirical Lenses: WWII Shorts Showcase" invites you to laugh, learn, and remember amidst the chaos of war.

From its early use in “King Kong” (1933) to the wonders of Tim Burton's "The Nightmare Before Christmas," stop-motion animation has captivated audiences worldwide, showcasing the boundless creativity and fascination it continues to inspire. It's definitely my favorite style to watch. With its irresistible charm and timeless appeal, there's a certain magic inherent in this beloved style of filmmaking that transports viewers into enchanting realms beyond imagination. Stop-motion animation is a meticulous craft, where physical objects are delicately manipulated, frame by frame, to breathe life into characters and scenes. The process involves setting up a scene with the desired objects or characters, capturing a frame, making small adjustments to the scene, and repeating this process hundreds or even thousands of times until the desired animation sequence is complete. Artists painstakingly go through this process to infuse every frame with magic. The films that I have chosen for this program include commercials, shorts, and experimental films that embody the very magic that filmmakers imbue into this art form. They are ordered chronologically by the year that each film was released and utilize different techniques of stop-motion animation, each with its own charm and style. For example “H COMME HENRY” uses a mixture of claymation and cutout animation. Claymation employs the use and manipulation of clay to create stop motion and cutout animation uses flat characters and objects to do so. Many of the films I have selected use puppet animation with the use of articulated puppets or figures, such as “Geesink: Fairy Tale Becomes Reality” and “Excerpt from Indigo (2014).” Now sit back, relax, and experience the magical world of stop-motion animation from the artists who bring inanimate objects to life one frame at a time.

The word 'robot' was brought into popular usage by Czech playwright Karel Čapek in 1920, with the publishing of his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). He chose the word due to its closeness to the Czech word 'robota,' which literally translates to 'serf labor' and figuratively means 'drudgery' or simply 'hard work.' If we trace the etymology further back, we find the Old Church Slavonic 'rabota' ('servitude'). Even further, the Proto-Indo-European root '*orbh-', which means 'to transition from one state to another,' or simply, 'to turn.' The English translator of R.U.R., Paul Selver, opted to keep the term 'robot' rather than find an equivalent in English, and it stuck. Of course, robots as we think of them have existed in the minds of inventors and writers for thousands of years. The Greek mathematician Archytas spoke of a steam-powered mechanical bird in the 4th century BCE. The Lie Zi, a text from 3rd-century China, describes a humanoid automaton created by a mechanical engineer named Yan Shi, built out of leather, wood, and artificial organs. The Lokapannatti, an 11th-century Buddhist text, describes mechanical robots (bhuta vahana, literally 'ghost vehicle') guarding relics of the Buddha. In 1928, W. H. Richards presented "Eric", a humanoid robot with eleven electromagnets, a single motor, and a 12-volt power source, to the Model Engineers Society in London. Before the word 'robot', these machines would have been called 'automata' (singular 'automaton'), which only describes their method of operation. They are automatic, carrying out a set of pre-programmed instructions without human input, incapable of emotion, awareness or consciousness as we currently understand it. Čapek could have referred to his synthetic human characters as automata, but as stated, this only describes the way they work. 'Robot' captures something else: the reason that they exist, namely, to serve their creators or other people in their endeavors. Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov would later codify this in his Three Laws of Robotics, making the preservation of and servitude to humans first and second priority respectively. The films in this collection depict several types of robots, several ways in which the word 'robot' may be interpreted based on its origins and etymological roots, and several ways in which robots exist alongside, separate from, and even against humanity. The Automatic Motorist (1911) comes from a time before the word 'robot' existed, when the idea of the mechanical man was so old and yet seemed tantalizingly close, with the advent of large-scale manufacturing and rapid advancements in mechanical engineering. Mickey's Mechanical Man (1933) depicts a boxing match between two barely controllable forces: Killer Kong, a wild animal who has to be chained to his corner of the ring, and the eponymous Mechanical Man, who seems weak at first but is driven into a mad frenzy before literally exploding with rage, his bits and pieces still vibrating with will and energy. The Birth of the Robot (1936) shows us a "world turned by hand", a man and his automobile destroyed by the harsh elements of an endless desert, leaving a rusted shell and bleached bones. Venus bestows them with oil, and the man transforms into an elegant chrome machine himself, creating civilization with his newfound power and automating the turning of the world with a four-cylinder engine. Tulips Shall Grow (1942) depicts the idyllic life of a young couple in Holland, which is suddenly destroyed by an army of Screwballs, a parody of the Nazis. The screwballs look ridiculous, their general pompously adorned with medals, but their sheer numbers overwhelm and separate our protagonists and ravage the countryside. In this dark hour, when all seems lost, a rainstorm sweeps through the scene, rusting the Screwballs into piles of oxide and revitalizing the tulip fields again. Inwazja (1970) depicts a small gathering of machines communicating, assembling, interlinking, and ultimately carving their way into a strange object. Crabs (1976) depicts a scientist and a soldier testing a self-replicating, ever-evolving mechanical weapon. The machines replicate, consume each other, evolve, and repeat the process until a single massive machine remains, forced to turn on itself. Ballet Robotique (1982) depicts assembly-line machines perfectly synchronized with classical music. The fluidity and elegance of both their appearance and movement is emphasized by the score, editing, and lighting. Finally, Robotic Mutation (1998), the most recent film in the collection, reflects the oldest Indo-European root of the word 'robot': the transformation of one state to another. These films, and the order they are presented in, serve to give the viewer a sense of all the ways in which robots exist in our collective consciousness, and ask us to reflect on the nature of consciousness, free will, evolution, the limits of both biological and mechanical processes, and our own desires to break free of the limitations of the human body.

"Transitions in Time: Experimental Visions" is a trip across the fluid landscapes of time; it takes the viewer out of the conventional perceptional comfort zone. This is a project that dares to push at the very limits of comprehension by allowing one's gaze to wander about worlds where the past, present, and future are woven into new configurations, mesmerizingly. A borrowing from the art, scientific, and philosophical fields, therefore "Transitions in Time" shall delve into the untraversed and lean on that which is mysterious and unknown. In This introduction I try to shed light on the mysteries of travel in time and leads to reflections on the being and the essence of reality. This is a project aimed at provoking interest, sparking debate, and taking a multidisciplinary perspective with an open challenge to any preconceptions, inviting the participant to question the very fabric of time. At every question, fresh prospects open to view, and fresh facts come into light on the great interrelatedness of all that is in times and spaces. Come with us upon this adventure of discovery, this expedition that would unlock the secrets of temporal life and reveal the experimental visions lying beyond the threshold of perception.

Adult educational films have been popular throughout time. These films are largely assumed to be created by government agencies and organizations to inform the public, but as it turns out some corporations created and produced them as well. Shell Oil not only created some of these films but also across several topics and decades of the 20th century. Starting in 1934, the Shell Film Unit began producing films contributing to the British documentary movement. Themes covered by the film unit include science, technology, engineering, culture, and more. Films range in length from 10 to 25 minutes. This program features topics on the history of paint, car suspension, locomotives, and gears. While these are vastly different topics that cover different products, every documentary topic ties into a product or service the Shell company provides. Each film shows an in-depth overview and explanation of the topic covered. This style of short-form documentary films proved to remain popular to this day, with shorter YouTube videos becoming the way many people view educational information. While the topics covered may not seem like extremely important things to know but are interesting in the fact that they cover topics that many people may not know much about. These films provide viewers with the experience of learning something new while still being entertained.

Each culture and era has a monster that it clings to, revealing the fears and neuroses of that time and place. Typically, monsters are depicted as “other,” horrifying in their appearance and/or actions. But monsters are made by us. Quite literally in the tale of Dr. Frankenstein and his monster, and then again metaphorically as legends of monsters are told and retold and adapted and updated. The following films are stories of monsters that also confront the role society plays in the creation and dissemination of monsters. The program begins with The Infernal Cave from 1905. This short, silent film utilizes early depictions of color to remind its viewers of the horror of one of the most foundational monsters of western culture, the devil himself. This is followed by two very different takes on Mary Shelley’s classic 1818 novel, Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. And neither are particularly faithful to the source material. The 1910 adaptation Frankenstein is a feat of grotesque practical effects paired with a shockingly optimistic narrative. Then, a tragic romance plays out in Robot Three, a 1951 film that considers the creation of androids as we have considered the creation of Frankenstein’s monster. What consequences are inevitable when one attempts to play God? What hopes and desires might your creation have? And who is really the monster in these narratives? Before the second half of the program, there will be a brief interlude for a trailer for The Killer Shrews. Evoking how folklore reminds us of what to fear, this trailer directly addresses the audience to announce, “the most vicious animal in the world.” The final portion of this program directly addresses mediazation and its role in monster-making. Breaking from fiction, next is a 2022 talk hosted by the BFI National Archive with the creators of the 1992 televised found footage film Ghostwatch. This talk addresses how this groundbreaking film continues to remind us of the role media plays in public perception, and consequently, the intense importance of media literacy. And finally, our program concludes with the short horror film Recorded Live, which asks the question – in the most delightful way – what if videotape itself was the monster?

In a world full of violent changes and long journeys towards justice, this program represents in the influential films' exploration of what the cinema has managed to capture of the spirit of the resistance and reform in different times and places. The program capitalizes on the vast thematic range provided by FIAF to explore the film portrayal of worldwide social movements, which reflects the archives' geographical and historical dimensions and definitively affirms the power of cinema as an essential medium for social commentary and transformation. The theme "winds of change" represents the dynamism and the turbulence of social movements. It depicts how grassroots activism, significant protests, and iconic ideas have facilitated the transformation of societies. These films have been carefully selected to show that the fight against oppression and injustice has been the driving force in many past eras where individuals and groups have fought back against these inequalities. From the streets of Washington D.C. in the 1960s to the revolutionary passion of the Russian population in 1917 and from the assertive factory workers in France to the empowering rise of women activists in rural India, these movies depict the diverse environment of struggle and triumph. Through these films' testimonies, the program intends to involve the audience in a discussion beyond the mere historical narrative. It aims to generate a more profound comprehension of the intricacies and after-effects of social movements, thus providing a set of grounds for viewers to ponder the significance of these movements in their everyday lives. Every story is unique and has a depth of both historical and emotional significance in time. Thus, not only does it instruct, but it also resonates with the experiences that are relevant to modern society. The films selected for this program are not just historical documents but living expressions of character, courage, and the unquenchable spirit of the human being. They make viewers think about the historical outcomes of past movements and the possibility that current and future activism can sustain social change. This screening is made to encourage, educate and prompt the viewers to think critically. Hence, it is a tribute to the strength of the human spirit, as shown through the camera. The program calls for audiences to see the strength of collectivity and the revolutionary elements of social movements through the language of the film. It calls each person to reflect on their role within these narratives and think about how they can contribute to the changing winds that cross the whole planet. The program is a cinematic tribute to the ones who have come in with the vanguard trying to transform society and keep the change going. This is a celebration of their past, and the future generations can use a reminder of what they did as an inspiration. Films:

On April 23, 2005, the first video was uploaded to the now-ubiquitous media-sharing platform, YouTube. The 19-second video, titled “Me at the zoo,” features co-founder Jawed Karim commenting on the elephant exhibit at the San Diego Zoo. As we all now know, YouTube would go on to revolutionize, how people create, chronicle, and consume visual media. It seems fitting, then, that the inaugural video on the site would showcase another preeminent source of edutainment for societies around the world: the zoo. As a celebration both of the zoo as a cultural institution and of the progress of moving-image recording and viewing technology, the following series exhibits historical depictions of the world’s zoological gardens on film. Dating from 1928 to 1972, the films in this series depict zoos in various times, places, and contexts. In both black-and-white and color, both sound and silent, these films highlight activity in zoos all over the world, including (but not limited to) New York, Chicago, Lisbon, Prague, Auckland, and Edinburgh. In that vein, we also see zoos used as venues for international diplomacy, as exemplified by the materials from NARA and LOC. Moreover, these films offer a look into zoos from various perspectives, from amateur films shot by patrons, to educational behind-the-scenes material created by zoos themselves, to news-reels to be featured on television. The series, then, enables viewers to see the cultural and educational impact of zoos throughout time and space. However, for all the historical value that these films offer to their viewers, it’s also important to acknowledge what these films don’t show us. For a start, zoos have a much longer history than that of film, and so this series can only show us so much about the history of the phenomenon. Historically, collections of often exotic animals, called menageries, were assembled by aristocratic members of societies to flaunt their wealth. The earliest menagerie dates to circa 3500 BCE, in ancient Egypt. The abbreviated term, ‘zoo,’ was not used until around 1847 in the United Kingdom, though the term would only gain popularity about 20 years later due to Alfred Vance’s song, “Walking in the Zoo” (Reichenbach 2002, pp. 151–163). The first ‘modern’ zoo – which used open enclosures rather than barred cages – was Germany’s Tierpark Hagenbeck, founded in 1907. Additionally, the films showcased here do not address problematic aspects of zoo history such as human exhibits and live feeding – practices in which some of the zoos featured here have engaged. Likewise, some of the films reflect dated attitudes towards animal welfare, perhaps most strikingly exhibited by the shot of a boy riding a tortoise in “Animals at the Bronx Zoo—outtakes.” Nevertheless, these films demonstrate how zoos were composed, maintained, and patronized throughout the 20th century: they offer modern audiences a striking view into the impact of zoos – and moving-image media more broadly – on our culture.

I have recently rewatched the BBC show, Call the Midwife, a historical drama that is about district nursing and midwifery in 1950’s east London. While this show does not use archival footage directly, the show’s creator relies heavily on public institutions like libraries and archives for research to bring her characters to life accurately and honorably. My recent viewing has inspired me to cultivate a program that focuses on the history of nursing, the role of nurses, recruitment, and the intense training they go through. While searching for films, I was inhibited by a language barrier, so I am sure that more films in more institutions that are a part of FIAF would be able to contribute. Miracles of Modern Medicine includes a mix of English and French and highlights birth and complications of RH and RH– blood in babies. There is also a feature on kidneys and a case study on a child born of thalidomide complications, named Bernadette. Thalidomide is covered extensively in Call the Midwife. Escola de Enfermagem is a two-minute film that observes nursing students in school. While brief, we can see the pupils engrossed in a lecture. Care of the Newborn Baby is an educational film for new parents, showing them with a nurse informing them on how to dress, bathe, and feed their baby. Nurses at Southern General and The District Nurse show the daily responsibilities that nurses have. Finally, the Motion Picture Industry Red Cross War Fund Week Trailer, is a Red Cross promotional film featuring Ingrid Bergman, encouraging American to support the Red Cross. Overall, the films highlighted in this program illuminate medical advancements, recruitment, the role of nurses, and education. All films were made within about twenty-five years, 1942-1968. Not only am I an admirer of nurses, I have a personal connection to the field. While I am not a nurse, there are two nurses that I deeply admire. My aunt, Kelley, has been a nurse for over twenty years, most of her career in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. She is still friends with several of her former patients, who she has watched grow from premature infants to successful and healthy adults. My boyfriend, Tyler, is an upcoming graduate of Indiana University Bloomington’s Nursing Program. He has accepted a position at an Indianapolis Children’s Hospital in their Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Their careers have and will be focused on taking care of the sickest children. Their intellect, resilience, compassion, and work ethic are something that I aspire to every day. This program is dedicated to all nurses, current and former. Thank you for taking care of us!

Since Louis Lumière’s landmark 1895 film, WORKERS LEAVING THE LUMIÈRE FACTORY IN LYON, cinema has had a unique relationship with the depiction of labor in all its forms. This program explores the diverse cinematic genres that represent work and the workplace, both professional and domestic. It considers the kind of work we find ourselves doing even outside of the traditional places configured for labor, like the home, or school, or even in our nightmares. From newsreels to public service announcements to educational films and experimental visual works, the representation of labor continues to haunt the history of cinema. This series of films asks us to confront the very idea of who we recognize as workers and transforms our relationship with the objects of our labor.

As someone who was born in the mid-90s, I never had the pleasure of watching educational material on film. Instead, I was raised on videos such as Bill Nye and The Magic School Bus. Many years later, I learned that their predecessors were, in my opinion, not nearly as entertaining. The awful writing, stilted narration, and wooden acting left much to be desired. Truly, they were “so bad it’s good” media. However, that is the perspective I have as a millennial. What was the perspective of industry professionals when these films were made? After all, change is an integral part of the motion picture industry. Shorts gave way to features. Talkies were born and silents died. Black and white turned into color. The Hays Code was thrown out and the rating system was brought in. If we were still following the example set during the 1890s, theaters could still be regularly vulnerable to nitrate fires. Every film would be a minute long or less. I would have grown up with nickelodeons instead of Nickelodeon. Given all this, how hard can it be to think that once upon a time, standards and practices for informational films were very different? By watching the films in this program, we can get an idea of what those standards were. We can also get an idea of some of the topics people wanted to learn about during the era they were made. After all, some of these films might not have been made if there wasn’t a demand for informational materials on their topics. These films can also tell us the other side of the story: rather than what people wanted to learn, what did their culture want them to know? What information did society consider so vital that it was deemed essential to put it on celluloid? These questions and more can be answered with the following selection of films, all of which were released right after World War II. Not only can these films give us an idea of what the world had on its mind after the conflict, but they can also give us a broader view of what was going on in the motion picture industry at the time. Then and now, educational films of the period are overshadowed by “film noir.” These films will hopefully reduce noir’s shadow and bring some obscured cinema into the light.

The films comprising this list were chosen not only because each left a deep impression on me upon my first viewing and every subsequent one thereafter, but also because I believe they well demonstrate the diverse potential forms that filmmaking can take. Each of these films is characterized by bold choices made by their daring creators, whether formal or stylistic, ranging from rotoscoping to singular frames. This program offers a blend of narrative, highly experimental, and documentary works spanning over seven decades of creative production.

Once written down, words escape from individual possessions and accumulate, at the pace granted by their medium and environs, the power to possess us by turning us into their collective beholder. Words are staunch images that, in being set and fixed, aspired to meaning by shedding their very form of imagistic existence. Such attempts, however, have only been futile. It is always the most corporeal words that move us –– a masterful work of calligraphy, a handwritten letter from a loved one, or a messy diary entry whispering from the void of the past. Cinema, in turn, moves words, and in so doing (re)establish words as moving images. This program zooms in on a series of short films in which the picturesque and/or tactile words come forth beyond the penumbra of credits, title cards, and vignettes. From LA's HOLLYWOODLAND sign to Philadelphia's gay rights protest signs, from Dziga Vertov's dancing intertitles to Marcel Duchamp's anagrammatic title, from Noburo Ofuji's musical katakana to Caroline and Frank Mouris's Snake-inspired letters, the focus on words on screen cuts across scriptural, historical, and material boundaries, and brings out different temperaments of the untamable inscription of light.

In our curated programming, we delve deep into the archives of moving images from around the globe, spanning from the quaint streets of Belgium to the vast landscapes of Australia and the bustling cities of the United States. Our theme? Young animals. While the internet offers a plethora of adorable cat and puppy videos at our fingertips, our programming invites audiences to journey back through time and witness the enduring fascination humans have had with young animals. From vintage footage capturing the playful antics of kittens and puppies to heartwarming encounters with baby foxes and tigers, these archival treasures not only evoke feelings of nostalgia but also prompt contemplation on the bond between humans and the animal kingdom. Through these videos, we are reminded of the universality of our experiences and the enduring allure of innocence and youth.

Hunger for access to and interest in famous people has existed for centuries. Not only does the general public want to see their favorite celebrities in films and scripted content, but they also want to know how these stars go about their daily life. The public wants insights into who that star is as a person, they want to know if they are similar to their on screen personas, and they want to see them more than just the few appearances in movies or television. The advent of the internet and social media has made it easier than ever for the average person to see their favorite stars out and about. But how did people do this before? What ways could moving images offer access to the stars? This series of films offers a few insights into how the world could see celebrities outside of their scripted programs. During both world wars, celebrities would visit troops to increase morale, or they would gather together to help raise money for the war effort. The “Hollywood Caravan of Stars,” is one such film. In it, stars including Cary Grant, Groucho Marx, and Joan Bennett, took part in a parade to support the Army-Navy Relief Fund. A practice that continues to today are film screen, costume and personality tests, where the creative team can get a better idea of how an actor moves, behaves, and looks on screen. In these tests we see the actor more as they are, not their character and as such many people are curious and interested in that kind of information. “Audrey Hepburn’s Roman Holiday Screen Tests,” were shown on the show You Asked for It to better enlighten the public on this process. Another familiar sight in this series is a clip taken from the 15th Annual Academy Awards. While a lot smaller budgeted and less comedic or entertainment focused, the Academy Awards then and now allow the audience to see and hear from some of Hollywood’s biggest stars. The last three films show off another type of celebrity that fascinates the public: members of a royal family. The first newsreel shows a British wedding while the second is a parade of the Belgian royal family the World’s Fair in 1913 while the second film is a tour throughout Europe of the Dutch Royal family in which concludes with a bridal procession of Queen Wilhelmina after her marriage to Prince Hendrik. While these days the access to famous people is greater than ever, the desire to see the stars has always been great and films in this series offer special insight into how the world could see the celebrities they admire.

When most Americans picture the Catholic faith, they typically think of it inside a church. It can be hard to imagine a Mass without the classic stained glass windows, golden tabernacles, and graceful vaulted ceilings. However, Catholics also love outdoor processions and ceremonies, especially for important feast days, solemnities, and local celebrations! This program shows a collection of Catholic ceremonies that take place outside. Some, like “Blessing the shrimp fleet” and “Une fête-Dieu au Pays basque,” are deeply personal to the communities shown in the films. Others, like “First Communion,” show snapshots of celebrations that all Catholics experience and can relate to. “Bischofsweihe in St. Gallen 16.10.1938” (Bishop Ordination in St. Gallen) shows Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, who would be elected as pope in less than six months. “French Catholic Religious Ceremony,” which was filmed by Fox in the channel’s news coverage of the Fourth Eucharistic Congress, is particularly relevant to the Church today- at the time of this program’s publication, the United States’ National Eucharistic Congress is set to begin in less than three months. These films display more than single days of celebration: they represent centuries of continued tradition in the Catholic faith. Although each film covers a different procession, there are dozens of similarities between them. From the vestments to the processional canopies to the monstrances and censers, there’s an obvious shared aesthetic amongst the churches. More importantly, beyond the visuals, the congregations share a reverence and excitement for their faith. Capturing them on film is less about the procession itself, and more about how special these moments were for the people experiencing them. If you recorded a bishop’s ordination in 2024, it would likely look very similar to the one in the film. It is the people in each film, and the way they’re portrayed, that make these films unique and engaging to us today. These processionals show Catholic ceremonies as intricate, beautiful, and personal, put together by communities who are happy to celebrate together.

Before Youtube dominated the youth’s pastime, there was nothing but cold, hard celluloid to pass on life’s biggest lessons. This series contains educational shorts from the 60s, 70s and 80s which attempted to steer a generation away from delinquency with the guiding light of morality: public service announcements. While they may be overly simplistic and often laughable to modern audiences, they should be reconsidered as critical cultural artifacts, offering a window into deeper societal fears and educational philosophies of the period. The series hopes not only to explore the other side of punk rock, but to place these attitudes in context with the temperaments of today. You may come out of it rethinking your past choices, or perhaps wanting to do some of these things more. Regardless, hopefully you are educated in some way after the final credits roll.

For generations, people have been making music unique to their own culture based off their lived experiences. With the advent of film and broadcasting in the twentieth century, these cultural products could be recorded, documented, and shared with individuals around the world. Popular music is often a source of pride and patriotism for a country, as demonstrated with the film An American Tune, which portrays the musical lives of Americans in the twentieth century, including genres like bluegrass, country, rock'n'roll, and jazz. Some of these genres, namely rock'n'roll, spread like wildfire after World War II from their American roots, as demonstrated in the Swedish film Rock'n'Roll from 1957, which features a young couple dancing to rock music, a decidedly American genre. The film Play Loud depicts pub-rock, a specifically Australian sub-genre of rock, in 1979 Melbourne. Outside of popular music, folk music plays an important role in the lives of indigenous people and is often integral to storytelling or religious practices. The 1973 Danish film Drum-Songs provides an insight into the traditional drum dances performed by indigenous cultures in Greenland as a form of storytelling. Despite being halfway across the planet, the phenomenon of musical storytelling is also exemplified by the film from the Film Archive Thailand. While some of the stories relayed in this film are on less "traditional" themes, e.g., controlling and managing malaria, they are nonetheless stories put to music.

When was the last time you visited a library? Today? Last month? Or has it been longer? Maybe a better question would be, did you visit the library when you were a child? Stepping through the doors into a place that felt like a sacred space where the only sounds were pages of books being turned and quiet voices helping people like you find a new world to explore. In America, the public library has changed throughout the years, but it still remains the one place people can go to and relax without worrying about taking up space or bothering the workers with questions. The public library is there to serve you. It would just be any other building without its community. The following program is dedicated to libraries and the people who use them. In 2024 libraries are facing book bans and censorship. Some state governments want to put librarians in jail for having books in their collections that focus on critical race theory and LGBTQ characters and topics. Groups of people are trying to take away people’s intellectual freedom and ability to choose. And it is important to remember that libraries are not just a place to hold books. They can help someone with their research on their family’s genealogy. They give single parents a place to come and make friends while their children have fun at a story time. Teens can learn how to use a 3D printer, technology they didn’t have access to before. Individuals can come to libraries and find resources to help find employment. If you can’t make it in, the library can even come to you via a mobile library which has been a common practice since the early 1900s by horse and wagon. The selected films are here to remind you what the library has been, currently is, and what it can be for those who use it. The following films show us libraries of the past, but messaging that has remained the same: the public library is for everyone. It is there for you. Now, go check out a book.

Cinema is noisy. Despite the introduction of Dolby, optical tracks are media of hiss and pops par excellence. Even the cinema space, resistant to engineers' best efforts, amass and amplify the sound of noisy bodies. This list is a tentative collection of films that deal with noise broadly construed, from educational films about the nature of sound to newsreels about sound legislation; from avant-garde texts that incorporate noise into their own soundtrack to narrative films about annoyed listeners. For a history of sound cinema begins, first and foremost, with a history of noise.

Expensive cameras and film are often saved for special occasions. Wedding movies, especially ones that were filmed originally for home collections, appear in the collections of many archives, and offer a joyful look into the lives of others. In these wedding films, most from the first half of the 20th century, distinct religious and cultural ceremonies blend with wedding conventions that already have become homogenous across different regions. Lining up these weddings with major world events of the 20th century allows for a unique perspective on the histories of everyday people. Most importantly, there is a delight in watching these wedding films that is almost ineffable. To see people of the past at some of their most happy moments is truly special. To be able to see them at all—that they have survived enough to make their ways into public, digitized collections—adds another layer of appreciation for the current availability of these films.

For my take on the FIAF programming game, I have chosen to take a globetrotting approach. Most of these films are experimental in nature, but some moreso than others. The common theme (besides a showcase of my auteurist preferences) seems to be centered around music and sound in all its forms, so I have chosen to entitle this program Interludes. I would generally encourage people to view these films in whatever order they like, although they are listed chronologically. There is also an extended director's cut of this programme that features a larger selection of films: https://letterboxd.com/andr913/list/interludes-a-programming-exercise/

Films recording Hong Kong city life occurred as early as the late 19th Century, most made by foreigners for commercial or educational purposes. That was a time when foreign travel was uncommon and travelogue documentaries provided a window to the East. Many of these films lavish laudatory terms like 'great', 'beautiful' or 'wonder' on Hong Kong, inspiring in foreign audiences the curiosity and imagination of the exotic. The earliest documentary in our collection is The Edison Shorts, made in 1898 by Edison Company, capturing images of the Street Scenes in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Wharf and Shanghai Street. Made in the 1930s, Haunt of Romance: Hong Kong Travelogue (1935) and Hong Kong Gateway to China (1938) make records of Victoria Harbour, Repulse Bay, Victoria Peak and Happy Valley as well as landmarks like the Former Kowloon-Canton Railway Clock Tower, the Cenotaph and the Old Supreme Court. In 1936, the Hong Kong Tourist Association also produced Views of Hong Kong—with a budget of HKD3,000, then a considerable amount—promoting sightseeing spots to attract visitors. In the 1950s, Denis Bray, while living in Hong Kong serving first as District Commissioner in the New Territories and later as Secretary for Home Affairs, made films of the New Territories. He recorded the land not with curiosity but with an eye of a resident, capturing images different from travelogues or commercial documentaries.

The unsatiable hunger of media, filmmakers and their audiences for shocks and disgusting images and stories is a worthy study. Can one’s delicacy be disgusting to others? Disgust is a strong primal emotion intended to protect us from harm. An emotion so primal that it can easily be manipulated. Disgust of the unknown, disgust of the new, the strange, the alien. Could racism be a child of disgust? “Jacques Chirac’s in/famous “le bruit et l’odeur” - the noise and the smell, illustrates how feelings of disgust can be shared and become a collective feeling about “the others”.

This program presents testimonies, which give evidence of colonial injustice and abuse against indigenous peoples, enslaved Africans and their descendants.

Films in this program explore disgust as a social emotion, looking at ways in which it contributes to the construction of meanings regarding our perception of self, social situations, and the realities we live in. Gossip, prejudice, stereotypes, and taboos are all connected to this complex emotion and collaboratively shape the boundaries of morality and socially acceptable behavior. The program presents portraits of people: old ladies passionately gossiping about their neighbors; a man contemplating alternative life scenarios; a student increasingly questioning the standards imposed on her by her community; an artist who does not conform to society's norms, living the life of a recluse. All of these people fall on a spectrum, from those who follow (and impose) the rules to those who disregard them altogether, perhaps even using disgust as an impulse for change.

John Berger suggests in his text “On Drawing”, that creating images is transforming appearances and disappearances into a game more serious than life. In these movies, we can glimpse a little bit of this joyful idea, of this playful way of grasping something to convert it into something else; action which becomes a pleasure to whom performs these effects. A woman develops a photograph, a virgin appears on camera by trick, a gardener creates his floral compositions, a filmmaker paints over film. As we, humans, create and feel bliss by giving shape to what surrounds us, nature just happens next to us. And if we stop for a while, we can hear the music compositions of the birds.

In the face of injustice, oppression, and inequality all that's left are our voices, our anger, our unwillingness to give up, our refusal to accept the inacceptable and, by noise and by numbers, changing an inacceptable present into a liveable future. This programme looks at three documents of about the fight against oppression and discrimination.

Creation, celebration, play, love... Strong emotion, expression of joy has given to cinema many masterpieces. Simple emotion, one shall not forget its expression has always inspired film creator of all kind. let's have a quick look to how has been treated on film different kind of enjoyment. Enjoy !

FOMO – the acronym for "fear of missing out" – was coined and popularized in 2004. Although the expression is based on serious research on fears of regret and feelings of anxiety, it's nowadays mostly used in lighter contexts. You don't have a ticket to the Taylor Swift concert tonight? FOMO! Sick in bed and can't go to the 70 mm screening of “Apocalypse Now” this Friday? FOMO! Cinematic depictions of festivities can remind you of all the things you've missed out on. At the same time, cinema makes it possible for you to take part of the past – even things that happened long before you were born. Let cinema defeat the feeling of FOMO.

The programme deals with the emotion anger and focususes on it`s huge political dimension. Questions of social responsibility, prevention and the consequences of social anger are addressed to the spectator.

“This story brings our thoughts to birth and encourages us to distinguish between illusion and reality”. This series of short movies would like to play with the theme of fear and power, solely showing animated movies. The unusual chiasmus between the seemingly childish aesthetic and the critical contents of each of these short movies, help us explore the role of fear as a tool for control and power, and creativity and irony as a tool to deconstruct introjected social structures.

In a stressful world the desire for small moments of joy becomes a crucial need to satisfy. And where there is a desire and demand, capitalism will offer a supply. So why not let joy become a product we can buy? This program welcomes you into the surreal world of emotional advertising and consumerism. These types of commercials often use symbolism and imagery to evoke a feeling rather than focusing on the factual details of the products or services being advertised. Ranging from the late 40s to the 80s this selection gives an insight on television and cinema commercials... and might end with a little wake-up call.

When watching movies, we are often faced with ratings information such as Children, Adults, R13, R17, etc. However, how is it implemented in everyday life? Does a young child watch according to the allowed rating for them? Do parents always self-censor all their child's viewing? I don't think so. Parenting activities are not just about taking care of children; it can be difficult to always guide children regarding what they watch. In this festival, interaction in families is expected, where parents and children can interact while watching films. The family's function itself is the smallest and most intimate form of social intervention in education and morality. Instilling moral values ​​is certainly important from an early age. Films, as a medium that transmits moral messages, are considered very effective as a learning tool. Due to busy schedules, interaction between parents and children may become increasingly rare. Therefore, this festival will bring parents and their children together to watch films with moral and social themes, allowing parents to explain the content of the films to their children. On the other hand, the implementation of film rating rules becomes more appropriate.

Fear, an universal human emotion with numerous shapes and sizes. Through a selection of features, spanning from the 1940s until the 2010s, this program shows different kinds of fear and how they are present throughout history. So we can reflect, contextualize and discuss the role of fear in our own time.

*Dans la colère, rien ne convient mieux que le silence.-Sappho* Il vous serez difficile de concevoir une foule en colère dans le silence, une masse d'individus exprimant son mécontentement sans recourir au tumulte des vociférations. Cependant, le médium cinématographique a souvent saisi ces moments cruciaux d'insurrection et de colères collectives, les immortalisant sans le don de la parole ou parfois là où le son s'est éteint au fil du temps. Dans cette sélection de films d'archives soigneusement choisie, nous sommes confrontés à une juxtaposition captivante : une colère manifeste, mais dépourvue de son. Les cris passionnés, les discours enflammés et les soulèvements persistants, même en l'absence de leur sonorité originelle, constituent un élément cinématographique formel d'une spécificité remarquable, indépendamment de leur contenu idéologique, géographique ou temporelle. Il devient évident que, dans ces moments, les mots importent peu en comparaison du choix délibéré de capturer les colères politiques collectives qui transcendent le langage. C'est là que nous atteignons le cœur de l'imaginaire de la révolte, le frisson palpable qui galvanise les foules et délecte le spectateur. Le corpus cinématographique est donc le plus diversifié possible, chaque séquence témoigne d'une époque et d'un lieu différents, révélant les nuances de la protestation muette. Notre voyage commence en Irlande en 1912, avec une séquence qui, malgré son titre trompeur, dépeint une manifestation nationaliste plutôt qu'une démonstration orangiste. Les foules acclament les Irish National Foresters, fervents défenseurs du nationalisme irlandais. Continuant notre périple, nous plongeons dans le Paris de 1936 lors des manifestations du 1er mai, où des protestataires envahissent la Place de la Bastille et le Bois de Vincennes, laissant une empreinte indélébile sur l'histoire et marquant un tournant dans cette célébration profondément ancrée dans le socialisme. Nous vivons ensuite, par les images, l'effervescence de l'Égypte en 1956, où de jeunes manifestants se heurtent à l'armée lors de l'arrivée des représentants de l'ONU, offrant ainsi une perspective unique sur la tension populaire égyptienne lors de la crise du canal de Suez. Notre immersion se poursuit au cœur des manifestations d'agriculteurs bretons en 1962, avec des cortèges de tracteurs, des discussions animées et des revendications inscrites sur les murs, illustrant les luttes rurales de cette époque cruciale. Ensuite, revivant les journées historiques de janvier 1960 à Alger, nous assistons aux manifestants criant "Algérie française", brisant les barrages de sécurité devant le monument aux morts. Notre voyage s'achève à Bologne en 1967, où une manifestation pacifiste pour la paix au Vietnam envahit la Piazza Maggiore, illustrant la puissance viscérale de la protestation sans mots, devenue depuis un élément crucial des colères pacifiques telles que les marches silencieuses ou les minutes de silence. Ainsi, ces moments révèlent la puissance évocatrice d'une expression collective qui transcende les frontières du son, dévoilant la véritable intensité de la colère silencieuse capturée par l'œil perspicace de la caméra.

Bringing attention to the hardships and sacrifices women make in the pursuit of equal rights and political representation ("Elles" ), as well as empowering other women to take up the cause of political and social injustice ( "Gloria"). However, there is still a struggle in their minds between hope and want, which frequently arises in their minds because of a need they have for something they have imagined ( "Shoes"). This program was created to represent the struggle of women who not only fight for their rights but also for their position in society and the family. The sense of uncertainty and the tendency to understand and act on the situation actually creates fear for them.

The goal of getting married is such a well-represented and central plot element in movies, that not many would question the concept of boy meets girl and – without hardly knowing each other – they decide to get married within a running time of less than 90 minutes. But how desirable is this rapidly implemented and traditionally life-long binding social institution? If the nature of marriages is cinematically commented after they have been entered, it is seldom the happiness of the couples that is being shown. Instead, it is the problems of marriages that predominates the depictions. Film history is full of stories of unhappy marriages where the partners loathe, hurt and try to destroy each other. The frustration and anger that the characters feel towards their partner that they promised to love for life can either be depicted tragically or comically. With this curated compilation film program, I'm focusing on the comedy aspect of anger within marriages in five various short films from the silent era. In the animated Norwegian chocolate commercial [Rollo sjokolade-reklame] (1925) a medieval or viking era warrior shows his anger in different situation, but when married to the king’s daughter he finally finds an equal with just as much of a temperament. The plot in the Danish comedy Den kære Husfred (1921) deals with two rivaling families living in one apartment building where the wives hate each other while their husbands try to avoid any conflict. The attempt to highlight preconceived differences between men and women is perhaps the most common way to build comic situations around anger in marriage. In the Finnish comedy Kun isällä on hammassärky (1922) the husband and wife both deal with their toothache in two very different ways, and in the Swedish Lev livet leende (1921) the wife tries to tame her choleric husband by getting him to read Douglas Fairbank’s book “Laugh and Live”. An odd example of a battle of the sexes is found in the futuristic American comedy What’s The World Coming To? (1926). There the traditional stereotypical gender differences in a marriage are turned totally upside down.

The machinery of war is not limited to the battlefield; it invades our lives through the media we consume. Across decades and continents, most notably throughout the first half of the twentieth century, propaganda has been used in film to incite fear in the mind of the viewer. Similarities weave their way through this selection of wartime animations: exaggerated caricatures, anthropomorphisation of political figures, and monstrous personifications of countries spark discomfort and encourage fear, forming a catalyst for control. Chronological and stylistic differences aside, these films can be viewed in the context of modern warfare and the current global political climate. Methods of fearmongering have been adapted to capitalise on our ever-shifting media landscape, yet the sentiment remains the same; a singular narrative is pushed, thus encouraging fear to grow in the shadows.

It mostly starts when something unexpected (and maybe not yet defined) interrupts the ordinary daily life. Sometimes it might be the well-known that frightens us. Fear can be tangible and object-related, but fear is also based on traumatic experiences and comprises the imagination of overwhelming moments of disruption. Losing control over one’s own physical or emotional integrity is the driving force of fear – provoking various kinds of reactions on the individual and societal level. Cinematic experiences create and activate this state of mind (and body). This programme includes short fiction films about the uncanny and the extraterrestrial, transitions from human to animal and back, documentary views of eerie creatures and of intimidating initiation rites, animation on hygiene and the challenges of daily life, and promotional films about the local emergency control organization and the meaning of maintaining gas lanterns as part of ensuring the public safety and order in the city.

This series of films blends an array of seemingly random yet disconcerting visuals, utilizing unsettling sounds, degrading film reels, and perturbing imagery. Functioning as a mosaic of both sights and sounds, the program is deliberately designed to evoke a sense of discomfort and queasiness in its audience.

A travers les films d’archives, une exploration des fêtes urbaines. Les fêtes urbaines collectives publiques, sont-elles toujours, ou uniquement, l’expression de la joie ? Populaires ou bourgeoises, en petit ou en grand nombre, dans l’espace public, les fêtes urbaines peuvent célébrer des valeurs patriotiques : processions militaires, fêtes nationales ; ou encore, des valeurs religieuses. Fêtes étudiantes, fêtes populaires, spontanées ou organisées, carnaval ou rassemblement, elles peuvent aussi prendre la forme de manifestations, expressions contestataires. Expression du rassemblement, ou de la division du peuple ? Liberté, ou contrainte ? Joie, ou colère ?

« Le peuple au plus ardent de sa colère est pareil à un feu trop vif pour être éteint. » (Euripide) 1968, révoltes, indignations, revendications… Peuples en colère… Année de contestation générale des valeurs et des pouvoirs établis.

First in the hands of the church, later in the hands of governments, fear has been used as a suggestive device for controlling the behavior of entire civilizations since the beginning of times, whether for the sake of life or to the detriment of it. It is no wonder that fear’s swaying ability would find its paroxysm in film, a promising medium to portray not only reality as it is but also —and most importantly— as it could potentially be. The object of this fear has taken many shapes and forms. From the 20th century to the present day, nothing seems to scare us more than unpredictable events. The unforeseeable paralyzes some, and fatal accidents shake us all to the core, affecting our brains more radically than if death had come naturally (expectedly!) through the door. Interestingly enough, the second half of the 20th century saw the rise of safety protocols imbuing every aspect of citizens’ lives. From the households to the factories, passing through the streets, this prevention fever was present everywhere and throve in film, where compelling visual images could be dubbed with authoritative voices that brought to the fore the probability of accidents at the risk of triggering a fight-or-flight response.

A la fois mère et épouse, la femme au foyer idéale des années 1950 se voit cantonnée uniquement aux tâches ménagères (cuisine, ménage, lessive, etc) tout en s’occupant des enfants et bien sûr de son époux. Les publicitaires prétendent qu’il est facile de rendre heureuse n’importe quelle femme en lui offrant de beaux vêtements ou en lui proposant de l’électroménager afin de lui faciliter sa vie quotidienne. Ces publicités très genrées contribuent à entretenir une panoplie de stéréotypes inscrits dans une époque et aujourd’hui désuets. Au cours de ces films on croise une femme dont la charge mentale est tellement forte qu’elle trouve à peine le temps de dormir. Avec le film de Mark Rappaport un basculement s’opère, cela passe par une introspection grâce à ce jeu de miroir, un cri, une sorte d’implosion de la femme prise au piège dans son quotidien. Cette programmation met en évidence le combat des femmes pour avoir leur indépendance, pour travailler et pour être reconnue comme étant l’égal de leurs homologues masculins.

Des premières mobilisations aux chemins de l'exil, trajectoires dissidentes des membres du Black Panthers Party sous le regard d'apprentis cinéastes, passagers clandestins de l'Histoire en train de s'écrire.

In a world where conflicts and climate change threaten our existence daily, fear, and specifically fear for our future, is a common struggle we all face. What is more mysterious and disturbing than a time yet to come? The unknown can be extremely distressing (“Der Luftkrieg der Zukunft”, “La paura degli aeromobili nemici”, “Ever Been Had”) but it can also hold hope for those who are brave enough to fight back with a spirit of resistance to affirm one’s right to live (“Denmark Fights for Freedom”, “Mor'vran. La Mer des corbeaux”) and who have faith in change (“Don’t tell me I can’t”). This program, featuring a mix of genres such as early cinema comedy series, science fiction, animation, and documentary cinema, as well as reflecting on the theme of fear of tomorrow, also aims to investigate the different human reactions to the fear of change and by starting with a group of films works that depict a stark (or even catastrophic) perspective, it concludes with a message of hope for the creation of a better future and the beginning of a new life.

“Never a Joy” is a maccheronic English translation of the Italian expression 'Mai una gioia', which can be more accurately translated as "Always a hassle". “Never a joy” is the ironic and sarcastic expression with which we usually classify situations in life that, unfortunately, always go wrong, when at the umpteenth attempt we fail or when our best hopes are punctually dashed. In short, 'never a joy' is meant to smile or find the funny side to life's setbacks. An expression that originated in youth slang and is mainly used by young people, with the advent of social networks this state of mind has now become commonly used: we write it in chats, it is the undisputed protagonist of memes and posts, there are even pages dedicated to this expression and of course there is no shortage of hashtags. In short, the Murphy's law of Gen Z. But the roots of this existential mood go back to ancient times and cultures: from the Greek and Latin comedies of Aristophanes and Plautus to those of the Italian Commedia dell'arte and Moliere, to the comedies of the early film industry. Who better in fact than Andreé Deed, Larry Semon, Stan Laurel and Fatty Arbuckle, with their awkward misadventures punctuated by pacing and excitement, can bring a smile out of us even in the face of spanking or purging! This interpretation of this existential theme could be the common thread to bring a the youngest closer to the world of slapstick films and more generally silent movies.

A collection of three docs curated from the BFI National Archive that not only portray and provoke the raw

Sport events are real joy, pleasure and an entertainment which unite people globally. Across all the continents and nations, no matter of profession, ethnicity, title, age and gender - sport events are giving people some of best emotions and memories. Well documented on film since very early days with people excited on both sides - participants and viewers always cherished the occasion. And also, through endless creativity of animation, presented to children and adults with various formats, vibrant colours, unique characters and unforgettable laughter.

Fighting for the rights is the action of anger, form overthrow the regimes, protests against the authorities or social status and strikes over personal welfare, since the camera is able to record, there is the images. The program showcases these acts of anger in different regions and eras in the form of 3 pairs. The "Great Strike" documenting the one of Australia’s largest industrial conflicts, while "Mutt and Jeff: On Strike" is the rebellion of animation characters, both of these events ending with shaking hand with the boss (quite irritating from the aspect of a present viewer). The "Faces of the 1848 revolution and freedom struggle in Hungarian Film" and "They Will Never Forget" in Thailand, each experienced a brief period of successful transformation after protests, but ultimately fell short due to the overpowering force of another entity. "UCLA Protest" and "Woman Fight Back" form a duo fighting for fairness, are more towards personal narratives and intimacy compared to the other pairs. While the outcomes remain uncertain, the fervent desire for justice and fair treatment is vivid and genuine.

“On soft Spring nights I’ll stand in the yard under the stars ― Something good will come out of all things yet ― And it will be golden and eternal just like that ― There’s no need to say another word.” Jack Kerouac, Big Sur

Joy is the basic feeling/emotion for all humans. Joy is connected to everything we do. Sometimes we dont even realise that create joy even by most simple actions. Joy has been documented on film since its begining and it is extremely interesting to follow its path and its reflection in the faces of children and adults.

Dans son ciné-tract nommé "Joachim Gatti, Variation de lumière" (2009), le réalisateur Jean-Marie Straub exprime sa solidarité avec ce jeune homme, défiguré au cours d’une manifestation par le tir d’un « lanceur de balles de défense ». Le dispositif, consiste en un plan fixe et rapproché sur un portrait photographique de Joachim Gatti, accrochée à un mur de pierre. À ce dispositif, s’adjoint un écosystème sonore triple. Ce sont d’abord les bruits de la ville, rejoints par l’ombre projetée d’une plante et la voix du réalisateur, lisant un extrait du "Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes" (1755). C’est enfin l’expression lapidaire d’une colère dirigée à l’encontre des violences policières. La colère individuelle s’y incarne comme le relais d’une autre, collective, partagée. C’est cette même idée d’une colère qui traverse les différentes voix et luttes, que j’ai souhaité exprimer à travers cette programmation intitulée « Déjà-là de la révolte ». Elle fait se croiser, cheminer ensemble, les protestations individuelles et collectives de multiples voix : celles des enfants, des adolescents, des ouvriers, des personnes racisées et des minorités sexuelles, selon différentes approches esthétiques et de genres (poésie et animation, fiction, actualités et documentaires). Afin de conserver la notion de transversalité et de laisser au spectateur un espace de libre association des œuvres proposées, elle ne respecte pas d’ordre chronologique spécifique.

Women farmers have long done double duty without any professional recognition. Simply seen as the farmer’s wife, they still handled many tasks in the fields, as well as taking care of the house and children. This double workload is shown very early on in the films presented here, that mainly focuses on European women. The first is a Belgian propaganda film from 1923, which surprisingly, clearly shows the double burden of women workers. The second film is a documentary from 1931 that takes us to the village of Cornova, in what is now Moldova, in a pre-mechanisation era. Women work with hay or help with grape picking. One is busy at a weaving machine, while another tends the fire as men sharpen their metal tools. Another beautiful scene is shown in the third film, which is a British newsreel from 1916 showing women at work in the fields during World War I. One of them leads a horse plowing the field. The fourth film is from Denmark and shows how farming work changed with modernisation of farms, mechanisation, and the emergence of co-operatives. While the farming profession is undergoing major change, the woman farmer is still regarded as the farmer’s wife and looks after the chickens in the same way as the children. The final film offers a broader overview of the status of women in the mid-twentieth century. Commissioned by the Swiss trade union in 1958, it calls for a better division of tasks between men and women. It also addresses the developments brought about by mechanisation in industry, and calls for equal pay between men and women. This programme offers an overview of the different tasks performed by women farmers, and the changes they went through between the early and mid-twentieth century. Beyond the aesthetic pleasure of rediscovering these stunning images, it seeks to remind us of the role played by these women in the development of agriculture, and to reflect on the struggles we must continue to wage.

Disgust is an emotion that signals us that the object, person or situation we are in may be potentially harmful to our health. Repulsion is associated with strong vegetative stimulation, protects against contact with another person, animal, object or introduction into the body of a substance that may be life-threatening.

In this program, “Against A Father’s Smile”, we are shown two men brought to the height of their strength, vulnerability, and capability to love. There are forces in these films that deal these men a great injustice. Both are condemned to death. Both have daughters who they love very much. So, when thinking about ‘disgust’, my instincts moved me towards injustice. A strong sense of disgust can stem from a deep feeling of dissatisfaction with the world and its attempts at justice. Thus, cynicism is born. How do we reconcile with the nuances of another’s morality? The attempt of this program is to combat this surge of contempt, with a spirit of hope.

“Le corps est la source de l'horreur chez les êtres humains. C'est le corps qui vieillit ; c'est le corps qui meurt.” David Cronenberg. On a souvent du dégoût pour tout ce qui, dans notre corps, nous ramène à notre animalité et notre condition de mortel : les maladies, le vieillissement, la chair blessée, les fluides et déchets corporels (poils, odeurs, sueur). Pour contourner ce dégoût, on a inventé l’hygiène afin de gommer ces attributs qui nous ramenaient à nos instincts primaires et à notre fragile mortalité. S’il peut constituer un véritable signal d’alerte contre les dangers, le dégoût produit ici un clivage social fondé sur l’exclusion des plus faibles. Santé, longévité, opposés à la maladie et l’infirmité. Corps jeunes et vigoureux d’un côté, les autres - corps trop vieux, malades, handicapés - sont ceux qui dégoutent. Le dégoût vient tracer une limite entre soi et l’autre.

“Thus, we come to a conclusion that is both very simple and very complex, namely, that there are things that people do to each other, what I can do to somebody else, what somebody else can do to me, and it can be fear, extreme terror, torture, all the way up to total love. Good and evil don’t exist in heaven or hell, they exist between people. The cinema exists for showing that, too. It exists so we can see what’s not working, where the evil lies between you and I, between me and somebody else, so we can see the evil in society and, so we can search for the good.” -‘A Closed Door That Leaves us Guessing’

When it comes to reflecting on “fear” and its representation on the silver screen, one cannot help but think about horror movies. In this programme, I focus on one of the most recurrent and long-lasting trope of this genre, the "mad doctor". This archetype, who inspired unforgettable characters such as Dr. Caligari, perfectly embodies the tragedy of Prometheus – the man driven to madness or catastrophe by his burning ambition. The programme aims to investigate this figure by considering a diverse range of audiovisual sources, including both silent and sound pictures, fiction and documentary films, professional and amateur cinema. The first title of the programme is "Prodigi della scienza" (Enrico Franceschelli, 1955), an educational film that triumphantly describes the amazing discoveries of science. The dark side of medicine begins to unveil in "Mental Hygiene Authority" (1961), a silent documentary on life in a mental institution in Australia. The movie carries a subliminal sense of anxiety, and doctors lose their usual role as heroic figures. The programme continues with "La Folie du docteur Tube" (Abel Gance, 1915): for the french metteur en scène, the science lab and its typical iconography is the ideal set for a féerie-like story. The film is meant to inspire laughter, but its end has hallucinatory and disturbing traits. Gance’s Dr. Tube is then followed by the “mad doctor” par excellence, Dr. Frankenstein. In this programme, I included the first ever adaptation of the novel, "Frankenstein" (J. Searle Dawley, 1910), an outstanding work containing visual representations of true horror. As an ironic counterpart to Shelley’s sinister vision, two doctors optimistically describe the conditions of an unknown patient in "Medicina, Hospital de Palo Alto" (1968). The programme’s last piece is "Robot Three" (Enrico Cocozza, 1951), an amateur film loosely based on "Frankenstein". This movie is a fascinating experiment, combining a naïve Roger Corman’s like aesthetics and intellectual references to Fritz Lang’s "Metropolis". The scientific equipment used by Cocozza’s "mad doctor" is surprisingly similar to the one showcased in "Prodogi della scienza", the very first title in the programme.

Airships, first invented as dirigible balloons in the late 18th century, have always been associated with futuristic ambitions and imagination, much like cinema. Non-fictional archival footages capture numerous fascinating historical moments of airships, illustrating their takeoffs and surveillance of the Earth. The colossal size of the airship always sharply contrasts with the diminutive human spectators on the ground, its shadow casting over dodging individuals with open mouths gazing skyward. Floating against an urban landscape, airships can imply roles as invaders from another world. They also announce a territory newly occupied by specific individuals, either from the upper class or possessing special powers. In addition to airships' primary association with military authority, it is intriguing to note their connection with the terrifying disorder, such as the harbingers from hell in Méliès' short surreal dream "Le dirigeable fantastique" (1905) or steampunk-style pirates represented by the criminal woman, the Italian version of Irma Vep, in the feature-length "Filibus" (1915).

As in the tradition of classical Hollywood musicals, dance can be used to express joy. This one-hour programme draws attention to such a topic, starting with the vivacious jazz dances of a smiling James Berry. Then a silent interlude: a version of Pathé’s 1903 “Marie Antoinette” containing only the happy ‘tableaux’ (the party, the ball). After the famous and colorful Len Lye’s experimental film, the silent “Il carnevale di Nizza” conveys the real energy of carnival, where one can dance and have fun without limits. “Nous, les Gitans” is an ode to gypsies’ wandering restlessness and flamenco with a smile on their faces. The program concludes with an early Japanese animated (sound) film that ends on a joyful dance. [March 1, 2024 FIAF Programming Winter School]

« L’infinitésimal et l’infini étaient si proches… Soudain, je compris que c’étaient les deux extrémités du même concept. L’incroyablement petit et l’incroyablement grand se rencontraient, comme pour former un cercle gigantesque. » (dialogue final de L’homme qui rétrécit, Jack Arnold, 1957). A la manière d’Alice suivant le lapin blanc dans les entrailles de la terre, découvrez un « Pays des Merveilles » où il est avant tout question d’échelle. Ce programme vous propose de vous mettre à hauteur d’insectes pour questionner la suprématie humaine. A la fois sources d’émerveillement et menace ancestrale, la représentation des insectes (et des arachnides) au cinéma va de la fascination à la terreur, en passant par le dégoût. Ils sont en effet partout : on les observe dès les débuts du cinéma (Le Moustique Récalcitrant, 1904) à aujourd’hui, dans les films scientifiques, les documentaires (Microcosmos, 1996), le cinéma d’animation (1001 pattes, 1998), mais aussi dans le cinéma d’horreur (Des Monstres attaquent la ville, 1955 / Vermines, 2023) et fantastique (La Mouche, 1958 et 1986). Les techniques cinématographiques permettent de faire des dimensions un vecteur d’émotions : projetés à échelle humaine par le plan rapproché, les insectes éprouvent notre vulnérabilité. Dézoomés, leur multitude et leur prolifération nous dévore (cf. le travail de Sam Taylor-Wood Sam Taylor-Wood - A Little Death https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYka4ouQXqk

Le programme présente divers films d’exploration de milieux naturels du monde entier et de leurs faunes et flores. La redécouverte de ces films de différents types et époques peut être motivée par leur intérêt historique et esthétique. Les films dont les proximités thématiques évidentes n’empêchent pas des correspondances de construction plus secrètes peuvent être pris comme exemples de la richesse du cinéma dans son ensemble.

Effacées de l’histoire, invisibilisées ou diminuées, les femmes sont des éternelles victimes de guerres qui ont pourtant elles aussi contribué à l’effort de guerre au sein des sociétés. Leur soumission à la gente masculine, leur statut précaire de mineure, leur absence de droit, leur rôle de mère et d’épouse, dont la place est inaliénable au foyer, sont naturels et évidents pour les sociétés patriarcales à travers le monde. Alors, quand la Seconde Guerre Mondiale frappe aux portes de l’Europe, elles sont à nouveau sollicitées (s'inscrivant dans la continuité de leur participation remarquable lors de la Grande Guerre), pour seconder les hommes et combler les manques laissés par ces derniers partis aux combats. Une page décisive de l'histoire s’est ainsi écrite par des femmes aux rôles multiples qui ont été soit mobilisées, soit engagées volontairement. Elles sont ouvrières, sauveteuses, conductrices sanitaires, infirmières, secrétaires, professeures, soldates, espionnes, épouses, mères, victimes résilientes. Ces femmes ont assumé leur rôle traditionnel qu’elles ont par la suite transcendé pour devenir un des des piliers indispensables à la lutte contre l'occupant. Cette programmation de six archives films provenant de différentes collections à travers le monde, met en lumière leurs diverses contributions et les transformations qu'elles ont initiées au sein des sociétés.

L’idée principale de cette programmation est de jouer entre le plaisir esthétique des images et leur signification, à travers la représentation audiovisuelle des ruines. Quelle est la limite à la jouissance plastique des images lorsque celles-ci sont significatives d’un contexte de création brutal. Il y a une sensation dans ces images, qu’elles ont été créées dans un but de mémoire. De ce fait, qu’elles appartiennent à leur présent, en offrant un moment dédié à la capture des débris de la disparition, des décombres de guerre, des vestiges antiques. Mais aussi qu’elles sont pensées pour leur futur, comme témoignage du temps qui passe, la présence d’une absence. Le visionnage actuel de ces archives nous donne à voir “l’expérience d’un temps que je ne peux avoir vécu” comme le formule André Habib dans L’Attrait de la ruine. Regarder ces documents aujourd'hui nous transporte directement dans leurs temporalités, de par son contenu visuel mais aussi par les spécificités de leurs médiums. La pellicule, qui est le médium le plus récurrent au sein de la programmation, est un lieu de stockage d’histoire et de mémoire. La matière pelliculaire est elle-même assujettie à la détérioration liée au passage du temps. Ainsi, il y a une matérialité à l’image en tant que telle, qui s’apparente à un imaginaire des ruines. Comme le dit Jean-Luc Godard dans l’Histoire du Cinéma : “Le cinéma n’était pas à l’abri du temps, il était l'abri du temps”.

Dans une interview avec la Tate Modern sur son nouveau livre de photographies d'enfants, Eden and After (2014), Nan Goldin a décrit une histoire qui s'est transmise dans son cercle d'amis proches à propos d'un enfant de quatre ans qui demande à un bébé : « est-ce que tu te souviens de Dieu ? Parce que je commence à oublier - Sa conviction, lors de la création de la collection de photographies, était que les enfants venaient d'une autre planète, plus proches de Dieu et de l'endroit où nous allons quand nous mourons et de l'endroit d'où nous venons. Cela m'est venu à l'esprit en parcourant les différentes archives affiliées à la fiaf et j'ai trouvé mon regard constamment attiré par les images de bébés ou de jeunes enfants. Je me retrouve dans des croyances similaires à celles de Goldin et je me demandais s'ils ont le même genre de pouvoir et d'énergie spirituelle devant la caméra que dans la vie ? Les photographies et les vidéos montrent-elles la véritable énergie des jeunes âges entre la naissance et environ quatre ans, ou est-ce aussi quelque chose qui est entaché par l'homme et ses dispositifs technologiques ? Je voulais voir comment, en tant qu'êtres humains curieux et société en constante recherche, comment avons-nous réussi à documenter les jeunes enfants à travers le temps et de quelle manière trouvons-nous important ou puissant de mettre des enfants à l'écran ? En cela, j'ai pu mettre en place une brève programmation d'environ 60 minutes à partir de diverses sources pour aboutir à un résultat de vidéos de jeunesse simples, légères et joyeuses, mais curieuses à présenter.

Les montagnes, en tant que caractéristiques géologiques, existent depuis des millions d'années. Les montagnes évoluent constamment. Patrimoine naturel et culturel, elles forment le paysage matériellement et symboliquement. Des lieux de passage, protectrices des peuples, divinités, les montagnes ont une vie indépendante de celle de l’être humain. Comment le cinéma permet d’aborder visuellement des choses qui sont invisibles, le mouvement des montagnes, et de sensibiliser l’être humain au non-humain ?

Cette programmation retrace l’histoire de mouvements écologistes, nés en réponse à la campagne nucléaire du gouvernement français en Polynésie entre 1963 et 1998. Dans un contexte politique de colonisation et de course à l’armement nucléaire des années 1960, le gouvernement français décide, en 1963, d’implanter le Centre d’Expérimentation du Pacifique (CEP) en plein cœur de Tahiti pour remplacer les sites d'essais du Sahara algérien. L’occupation militaire et les infrastructures nucléaires développées à Tahiti et dans les atolls voisins de Moruroa et Fangataufa, bouleversent l’équilibre des populations locales en même temps qu’elles préparent le terrain pour les 193 explosions nucléaires qui ont lieu dans la région, entre 1966 et 1998. Malgré l’ampleur des moyens déployés par le gouvernement français pour légitimer ces tests, dont il assure qu’ils sont “propres”, ces archives éclairent l’absence de consensus autour de cette politique, et ce aussi bien du côté des puissances impériales ( qui venaient de négocier un arrêt des essais en atmosphère), que des mouvements contestataires anti-nucléaires. L'opposition au nucléaire militaire se cristallise durant les années 70, notamment autour de mouvements sociaux initiés par des groupes de Nouvelle Zélande Aotearoa. Cette vague protestataire se poursuit dans les années 1990, au cours desquelles ont lieu de nombreux actes de désobéissances civiles et de croisières anti-nucléaires comme celle du “Rainbow warrior”, l’emblématique navire de l’association écologiste Greenpeace. Majoritairement pacifiste, la contestation a a occasionnellement pris des formes plus violentes, ainsi que le souligne Charlie Ching dans l'entretien présenté dans ce programme. Il fonde en 1977, avec six autres jeunes tahitiens, le parti indépendantiste “Te Taata Tahiti Tiama” (“Le tahitien libre”) et mènent quelques actions violentes avant d’être arrêté et transféré dans une prison de région parisienne. Son procès sera très médiatisé, déclenchant une vague de solidarité en métropole. -- This program follows the stories of a select number of ecological and anti-nuclear movements, founded in response to the French government’s nuclear campaign in Polynesia between 1963 and 1998. In the political context of the nuclear arms race of the 1960’s, the French government decided in 1963 to install the “Centre d’Expérimentation Polynésien” (CEP) in the heart of Tahiti. The scale of the military occupation and infrastructure then developed in Tahiti and the neighboring Mururoa and Fangataufa upset the balance of the local populations, while at the same time paving the way for the 193 nuclear explosions that took place in the region between 1966 and 1998. Despite the means deployed by the French government to legitimize these tests, ensuring the “correct precautions” were in place, the films chosen, shine light on the lack of consensus surrounding the campaign, which included contesting viewpoints from other imperial powers (who had just negotiated a halt of atmospheric testing), as well as anti-nuclear protest movements. The following films demonstrate the crystallization of opposition to the nuclear actions of the military during the 1970’s, notably around the social initiatives of groups from New Zealand Aotearoa. This wave of protests continued until the 1990’s and included numerous acts of civil disobedience and anti-nuclear voyages of the “Rainbow Warrior”, the iconic ship associated with the Greenpeace ecological movement. Mostly pacifist, the opposition occasionally took a more violent form, as highlighted by Charlie Ching in the included interview. He founded, in 1977, with six other young Tahitians, the independent party, “Te Taata Tahiti Tiama” (“The Liberated Tahitian”) and led violent actions before being placed under arrest and transferred to a prison in greater Paris. His process would be highly publicized, triggering a new wave of solidarity in mainland France.

La mer a été un champ de bataille pendant de nombreux conflits armés. Les zones maritimes sont des lieux de commerce, d’échange, de voyage comme de conquête. Ce sont des territoires très prisés depuis les premières conquêtes territoriales par les pays européens. Elles mettent en lien les continents tout en les isolant. Pour subvenir à ses besoins, l’Homme a donc pris la mer et a chassé les êtres vivants de ses fonds. La pêche est une activité multiple, on l’associe aussi bien au domaine de la vie militaire avec la marine marchande qu’au domaine du loisir, au bord d’un lac, d’un océan, à pied ou en bord de mer. Devenue aujourd’hui commerciale et potentiellement dangereuse pour l’environnement et les écosystèmes, elle peut être artisanale ou bien intensive. On peut penser également à la pêche de subsistance qui se pratiquait davantage autrefois, lorsqu’elle n’était pas encore fortement règlementée et qu’elle répondait à des besoins d’autosuffisance alimentaire. La programmation qui va suivre s’est donc articulée non seulement autour de la pêche mais plus largement autour de la relation entre l’homme, animal terrestre, et la mer, les océans et ses habitants.

Les animaux sont à la guerre humaine, un allié et un ennemi tangible, et à son Histoire et sa mémoire une allégorie idéale. Quelles sont les représentations des animaux dans les imaginaires des guerres du XXème siècles ? Avec la guerre de 1914-1918 arrivent la modernisation des combats et les nouvelles technologies d’armement. Pour autant, les animaux ne désertent pas les champs de bataille. Chiens, colombes et pigeons, ânes et chevaux : leur présence et leur représentation cinématographique questionnent le rapport à la technologie des guerres modernes. Elles concentrent à la fois la notion d’un pouvoir sur un être, et un enjeux moral, éthique, de remise en jeu de ce qui distingue l’homme de l’animal. Dans les diverses archives ici présentées, l’animal devient une métaphore humoristique, patriotique ou pathétique du rapport de l’homme à la guerre.

Ces archives très diverses, de par leurs dates et leurs origines, illustrent le sentiment universel de "l'appel de la mer". Cette programmation vise, d'une part, à offrir un tableau des différents métiers de la mer, particulièrement ceux des marin.e.s, des pêcheur.euse.s, des navigateur.rice.s que l'on appelle communément “les gens de mer”, c’est-à-dire tous ceux dont le métier est de naviguer et, par extension, tout Homme, à terre ou en mer, ayant un lien particulier avec la vie maritime. Elle présente d'autre part les “gens de la mer”, c'est-à-dire tous ceux qui, d'une manière ou d'une autre, ont un lien avec la mer (famille des "gens de mer", loisir...).

Cette visite de 66 minutes vous invite à explorer la diversité, les défis et la résilience des personnes aveugles grâce à des archives provenant de divers membres de la FIAF. À travers une sélection de quatre documentaires, dont ceux se penchant sur le processus de rééducation des militaires aveugles, des extraits montrant la vie des citoyens atteints de cécité, et la documentation des enfants ayant des déficiences visuelles alors qu'ils apprennent et grandissent dans des écoles spécialisées. Ces archives historiques vous permettront de découvrir comment ces individus perçoivent le monde, font face à la vie avec courage et résilience, et savourent les moments précieux de l'existence. Ce programme vous ouvrira une fenêtre sur la vie des personnes aveugles.

La rareté croissante de la neige (en cause, le réchauffement climatique) m’a poussé à creuser la représentation de ce schéma au sein des collections de différents archives membres de la FIAF avec pour objectif de décrire l’intemporalité de la neige dans la vision européenne. C’est donc au travers d’une programmation de 9 films de formats, durées et époque variées que nous allons tenter de démontrer une certaine vision de cet état si particulier de l’eau.

Pour les hommes, marcher est une action naturelle que nous apprenons quand nous sommes petits. C'est également un moment charnière, notamment pour les enfants. « Les premiers pas d’un tout jeune enfant sont perçus comme une seconde venue au monde, qu’il va désormais pouvoir découvrir et arpenter. » dit Françoise Bonardel. Marcher avec de la vitesse, nous l'appelons « courir » ; marcher pourrait être une sorte de discipline militaire, ainsi qu'une progression. À travers ce programme d'archives audiovisuelles au sein des membres de la FIAF (Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film), nous vous présentons différentes formes de marche et les mouvements physiques de l'homme et de son corps.

One of the most significant ideas in the Freudian revolution is the existence of sexuality in children. Sigmund Freud and Lauretta Heiman have greatly discussed sexual development and phenomenology in childhood, and Freud expanded the conversation beyond the conventions existing at the time. In this program, I present three short films in which the topic of sexuality in children is expressed, in some cases as the sexuality we adults are familiar with, as well as in a more complex, childlike way through the experience of the young protagonists. The first film opening the program is an Israeli movie "Hole in the Pants" (1978) directed by Dalia Mevorach. It revolves around two neighboring children, a boy and girl, who are raised in completely different family environments and are drawn to each other's company and friendship. https://jfc.org.il/movie/65869-2/ The second film in the program is "Les Mistons" (1957), one of the first films by French director François Truffaut. It follows a group of children infatuated with a beautiful young woman, who they follow around as she develops a relationship with a lover. https://archive.org/details/les-mistons-1957 The last film in the program is "The Perfumed Memories of Marie-Rose" (1972) directed by Jacques Kébadian . In which Albertine, a rebellious teenage girl, demands her unlimited sexual freedom. https://www.cinematheque.fr/henri/film/124010-albertine-jacques-kebadian-1972/

Welcome to the captivating world of the 60-minute short film curation program, a cinematic journey that transports viewers through time and space, exploring the essence of cities from around the globe. This unique program showcases a carefully curated selection of old movies, each painting a vivid portrait of a city and its unique cultural tapestry. These films offer a glimpse into the soul of each city. With each passing minute, audiences are immersed in the sights, sounds, and stories that have shaped these urban landscapes, forging a deeper connection to the diverse and interconnected world we inhabit. So, sit back, and let these time-honored cinematic gems be your window to the world.

I chose films that deal with the representation of women, mostly as a secondary theme, they are manly focusing about the looks and the show of a woman, but also about the transition from passive to active, that doesn't necessarily works as planed. It is recommended to watch the movies in the order listed, which is according to the production year, and I believe shows the development of the women during those times. Now We Are in the Air (1927) – 23 min San Francisco Silent Film Festival I Saw Their Angry Faces (1977) – 10 min Harvard Film Archive Fitting Image. Women 88 (1988) – 5 min NFSA - National Film and Sound Archive of Australia (Film Australia Collection) Savannah (1989) – 30 min UCLA Film & Television Archive (Student Films) A Short Film (1993) – 22 min JFC - Jerusalem Cinematheque (Israel Film Archive) Hope you enjoy it and understand my intentions with this list of movies. Thank you.

In my plan I will be asking to talk about the representation of women and the misdirected common knowledge about health care, intertwining the idea of controlling women by driving the, mad in a patriarchal society. The first film I would like to present is from the L.A REBBELION collection by UCLA university. “The kitchen” a short movie made in 1975 by student named Alile Sharon Larkin. She visualizes a mental ward as a possible equivalent to prison incarceration for women of color. The cause of a woman’s nervous breakdown here is personal and political, namely hair, a trauma for many Black women . https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/la-rebellion/films/kitchen The next movie I would like to present is an Israeli one, named “Late Marriage”, by Dover kosashvilli. The movie presents the process of a man trying to disconnect his family unforgiving ties, while trying not to lose the love of his life. At the end of the movie, race beats love and the woman gets blamed of “craziness” for speaking her truth and her refusal to lose him, but mostly herself. https://jfc.org.il/en/movie/25098-2/

Post-War films: Refuge, Shadows, and Rehabilitation, is an immersive cinematic experience that invites viewers to explore the intricate tapestry of post-war existence. Through this curated selection of films, the program delves deep into the emotional, social, and psychological aftermath of war. Each film offers a distinct lens through which to understand the challenges faced by individuals and communities as they navigate the complexities of rebuilding, finding solace, and seeking redemption. By presenting a diverse range of narratives and perspectives, this program aims to foster understanding, empathy, and reflection on the profound impact of war on human lives.

Before moving to the Midwest a few years ago, I first came across a woodchuck in Henry David Thoreau – “As I came home through the woods with my string of fish, trailing my pole, it being now quite dark, I caught a glimpse of a woodchuck stealing across my path, and felt a strange thrill of savage delight, and was strongly tempted to seize and devour him raw; not that I was hungry then, except for that wildness which he represented. Once or twice, however, while I lived at the pond, I found myself ranging the woods, like a half–starved hound, with a strange abandonment, seeking some kind of venison which I might devour, and no morsel could have been too savage for me. The wildest scenes had become unaccountably familiar. I found in myself, and still find, an instinct toward a higher, or, as it is named, spiritual life, as do most men, and another toward a primitive rank and savage one, and I reverence them both” (“Higher Laws”). This short program draws attention to other human reactions to a woodchuck, respectively archived in documentary and staged mischief. The blasting of groundhog holes in William Gillis Ross home movies (Trip of the Nahma) begins at 12:36.

Pirates have captured our imagination for a long time — three centuries, in fact, ever since the publication of the (in)famous “General History of the Pyrates” by the mysterious Captain Charles Johnson in 1724. This set of biographies was a hit with the reading public of the time and the cast of characters it introduced, from Blackbeard to Captain Kidd to Anne Bonny and Mary Read, have remained in the popular consciousness. Though the historical facts presented in “General History of the Pyrates” have been debated, the truth remains that it transformed the men and women who forefronted the so-called Golden Age of Piracy into notorious legends that we are still fascinated with to this day, making them and their history feel almost as fictional as Treasure Island’s Long John Silver and Peter Pan’s Captain Hook. It is no surprise, then, that these fantastical pirates quickly began appearing in our films as well. Two early depictions are the silent films, Betty and the Buccaneers (1917), a lighthearted American adventure film in which the pirates play the villains, and Il corsaro (1924), a grittier Italian romantic drama in which the titular pirate is the protagonist’s love interest. In both Cinesound Varieties (1934), an Australian variety film, and in Sunil Merirosvot (1958), a Finnish commercial for laundry detergent, pirates are used for their novelty factor to draw the audience’s attention. Finally, in Pirates Off Our Coast (1958), we see pirates appear in children’s educational media. If nothing else, the wide variety of genres and locations that pirates appear in is worth the exploration!

According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, a dragon is "a large lizard- or serpent-like creature, conceived in some traditions as evil and in others as beneficent." These creatures appear throughout folklore and fantasy, from Chinese mythology to contemporary American television shows like House of the Dragon. In recent years, dragons have been prevalent in animated media, such as the Dragon Tales TV series and the How To Train Your Dragon films, though this development did not come out of nowhere. These five films provide examples of historical media about or containing dragons of all sorts from across the world, and are far from the only examples of draconic creatures in collections across the FIAF community. Whether you grew up with tales of dragons stealing princesses, you wished to have a friend like Elliot, or you attend Lunar New Year parades every year to watch the dragon dances, there's a dragon story for everyone if you look closely enough. Every culture has their own lens through which they see the world, and their methods of depicting dragons are one point of comparison between those lenses.

Since their revival in 1896, the Olympic Games have truly become a global phenomenon. The Games have been celebrated all over the world, in Summer and Winter, featuring a wide variety of languages and cultures as a backdrop. Now, for many people worldwide every four years (myself included), the big three of Gymnastics, Athletics, and Swimming, as well as the Opening Ceremony, are appointment television, no matter the time difference. Unfortunately, the further we go back in time, the less visual evidence and memory we have for those initial games. In this programme, we take a look back as far as the now-unofficial 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens (per the production date on the Armat Collection), into London 1908, and up through Munich 1972 and Los Angeles 1984, examining short or compiled highlights of the Games in its different eras. In some cases, we see preparations for the Games, even years in advance of the start of the event. The programme is ordered chronologically with most of the films serving as a reflection of the Olympic Spirit as it was at a time before the introduction of commercialization and the professionalization of sport. In some cases, human creativity helps to fill the gaps, as seen in the Japanese Animated Film Classics film, which offers an interpretation of Amsterdam 1928. Please enjoy the selection, which presents humankind attempting to achieve the motto of the Games, Citius, Altius, Fortius – Communiter.

Puppetry dates back to as early as the 5th century in written records from Europe (i.e. the Symposium of the Greek historian Xenophon). Despite the lack of ancient written records in Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas, there are still rich traditions of puppetry for the likes of ritual, magic, and entertainment. Some scholars even argue that puppets pre-date the use of actors to depict stories, thus making it one of the earliest, if not the earliest form of theatre. Puppetry takes many forms, from marionettes, to finger puppets, to hand and glove puppets, to rod puppets with each form having unique characteristics for use. Regardless of these many forms, puppets all require one thing in order to work: a human. With their lengthy history and the need for human participation, puppetry stands as an ancient form of art to tell stories, impart moral messages, and entertain. So why then, in a time where actors and actresses are plentiful, do we continue to use puppets to communicate information? Why do we use puppets--silly little imaginings of people, animals, or abstract figures--to talk about difficult subject matter, such as the experiences of refugees or the need to reuse materials during the war? Perhaps puppets provide us with the necessary distance from these difficult topics while still remaining innately human. This programme seeks to answer 'why the puppet?' through its exploration of puppets through the 20th century and early 21st century. Specifically excluding longer format content of puppets for kids, this programme focuses on public service announcements, educational films, and propaganda pieces utilizing puppets for the imparting of information. To set the scene for understanding the use of puppets for communication, the program begins with "Blue like an orange," a documentary film by UNESCO that showcases puppet plays in India, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Laos, Poland, Czechoslovakia and the United States today as a way of understanding different cultures. Taking viewers from the Netherlands during World War I (1914-1918) to Australia and the captivity of child refugees during 2003, "Puppets as Access Points for Information" illustrates the enduring quality of puppetry in the face of humankind's continued struggled to make sense of the world.

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is drunk warm or cold, sweetened or unsweetened, often with milk or cream or diluted with water. It is made by being dripped or boiled through filters. Espresso, a form of coffee that forms the basis of most drinks that are ordered at cafés around the world, is made by forcing boiling water under great pressure through ground coffee beans in a filter. Most modern coffee chains, like Starbucks, base their drinks on ones from Italian coffee culture, such as lattes and cappuccinos. In fact, Italian and French coffee cultures are probably the most popular influences in the coffee industry. That said, however, coffee has a far longer history and a far broader adoption by a variety of cultures- from the Kaffa region in Ethiopia, where it originated, to as far as the Arctic Circle. The films selected for this programme are meant to illustrate two sides of coffee: production and consumption. For every commercial depicting the ease and comfort in making a cup of coffee (particularly instant coffee, such as the Gregg's commercial), there is another film that illustrates the processes by which coffee plants are cultivated and harvested, their beans roasted to varying degrees and shipped, and their plantation's workers treated. Special attention should be given to the plantations featured in Plantation de Thé, Café, et Abrasin (1952-1953), which features child workers and the small meals of rice and fish given to workers at a colonial plantation in French Indochina near the end of France's colonization of the areas in Southeast Asia. Another area of interest, on the consumption side, is the Gregg's Coffee commercial (1970), which is believed to be the first multicultural television advertisement to be broadcast in New Zealand, and the first to feature Maori individuals.

Long before the time of The Food Network, celebrity chefs, and hyped-up cooking battles, cooking shows were a novelty. Yes, there is something innate about watching others cook, particularly our parents or grandparents, and humans have been taking part for millennia. But with the invention of film, we were suddenly able to capture an array of food and cooking practices from around the world, and, perhaps for the first time ever, opened our collective eyes to food outside of our own cultural spheres. The films below are a compilation of cooking demos, shows, and documentary shorts from Brazil, Spain, Australia, France, Switzerland, and the US from as early as 1919. Watching this archival footage reminds us how beautiful and varied our international food heritage is and offers us the promise that it will not be forgotten.

Since I was very young, major holidays for my family meant we watched the stop motion animated specials made for television such as "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" and "Here Comes Peter Cottontail." When watching stop motion animation, its quickly apparent to the viewer just how much time, meticulous effort, and precision it takes to construct a film frame by frame. This selection of films showcase a wide range of countries, years of production, purposes for the film, and methods of utilizing stop motion animation to create a unique viewing experience. Some of these films were created for advertising or commercial use to create a backstory for a brand or the product. Additionally, a section of these films are used in educational spaces and were designed to teach kids about safety. Another special aspect of these films is the choices of music, dialogue, or to keep the film silent. As stop motion can create worlds and experiences for their characters that exist outside of reality, the artistic range for these films are endless and something to be celebrated. These films come from 10 different countries: Chile, United States, Sweden, Ukraine, Australia, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, and Russia. Viewers are asked to compare and contrast the styles of storytelling and imagery used in the stop motion animation style for each country.

Within the last century, the tourism industry has exploded with appropriations of folk traditions and culture. The commercialization of cultural traditions, most notably the selling of weaved baskets and quilted blankets from the American southwest, has decontextualized these items’ original practical nature - the reason why these items were significant. However, it is intriguing to investigate the consequences behind labeling a geographic area as a folk tourist destination. By curating a list of tourist films, this exhibition hopes to explore whether tourism is embraced as a potential avenue for preserving the traditional arts, why countries label neighboring countries as bucolic getaways, and what is the cultural significance of labeling one’s own city as a folk destination. The films included are largely from the mid 20th century and feature cities stretching across Europe and North America. Brown County, Indiana is featured in an excerpt from “Indiana’s Scenic State Parks” (1957) and is representative of how Nashville, the county seat, used its state park to further promote itself as a bucolic getaway. Rustic cabins are available for visitors near the Abe Martin Lodge, a cartoon hillbilly who is a caricature of the residents. In many ways this can be seen as a mockery of Brown County, but the tourism industry has also revitalized the county’s economy. “Mevagassey from Fishing to Tourism” (1962) highlights how tourism also helped revitalize an economy when the traditional industries were failing. A local family noted that the small English village is still known for fishing, and people continue to come to visit the rustic coast, but families cannot solely rely on fishing. The same can be said for the Scottish coastal town of Lochearnhead, where waterskiing has supported the rural economy in “NEXT STOP - SCOTLAND” (1968). “Gippsland Honeymoon” (1962), “Sommerparadiset i Oslofjorden” (1953), and “Seeing Canada” (1929) each follow cosmopolitan travelers exploring the country-sides of Australia, Norway, and Canada. Tourists have always been interested in “escaping” and in each of these films there is a fascination with the “common” man and women. In many cases, the rural farmers and folk artists are closely associated with the national identity of these countries. This is the case with "Ireland in a Horse Drawn Carriage" (1974), where the traditions and folklore of common peoples is linked to national pride. Mid 20th century tourist films supply endless potential for interpretation of a town’s identity, economy, and historic sense of place.

A majority of films feature humans at the forefront of a story. The world of animation allows filmmakers to go beyond what we are able to accomplish in real life and explore more imaginative concepts. This collection of short films focuses on non-human characters and their unique experiences within the world through the medium of animation. The films utilize a variety of animation techniques including traditional hand-drawn animation, puppetry, and stop motion animation. Examples of films in this collection include a movie theater advertisement for Coca-Cola from 1953 retelling the timeless tale of the tortoise and the hare and a Ukrainian animation of a young wolf having a chance meeting with a rain creature that changes his life. Finally, “The Last Elk” is a tale of the last wild elk that utilizes different musical instruments to represent different animals in the forest with the Elk. These seven films were created between 1953 and 1998. They are listed in chronological order in order to view how animation styles have evolved over time. Take in the unique animation styles, musical accompaniments, and emotional tones present in the different films.

71% of the earth is made of water but only 10% of it has been explored. Despite not knowing everything that lies beneath, us humans still explore the oceans in many different ways. Whether it be observing beautiful waves or exploring the depths of the sea, the ocean is fascinating and can be observed from many different angles. The four films selected show the different ways humans view the ocean. The first film "The Sea" (1962) made by the Encyclopaedia Britannica Education Corporation explores sea life from the open ocean to the deep dark depths of the ocean floor. The second film is a peaceful film named "Waves"(1973). The film shows how the ocean is observed from land. It is sometimes hard to imagine all that was shown in the first film could be lurking beneath the calm waves. While the ocean can be peaceful, it can also be terrifying and uncontrollable as shown in the third film "S.S. "Coptic" running against the storm"(1898). Seeing a ship weather a storm leads to the final film, "Grave of the President" (1984) which shows the aftermath of a storm and a ship sinking to the bottom of the ocean. The film follows scuba divers exploring a shipwreck. Going from peaceful fishes and waves to storms and shipwrecks which shows the wide range of what happens in the ocean, especially since these films are pulled from all over the globe. Who knows what else lurks out there and what the ocean has in store?

While animation as a medium was always intended with older audiences in mind, it has often been associated with and used to help attract young viewers. Due to this, animation is sometimes used in classroom and other educational materials. Because animation is not limited to the constraints of real film, it can help with creating diagrams, showing concepts hard to express in person, and be used as transitions between acting. This collection looks at various educational and historical animations (or films that include animated segments) from around the world. Some of the material is intended for young audiences while others are intended for older ages. It features animations from France (Mickey Mouse au Vietnam 1969), Mexico (Juárez 1972), Thailand (แสงช่วยเราอย่างไร ‘How does light help us’ 1955), Scotland (So You Think You Know About the Cuts 1976), the United States (Flow of electricity 1961; Your friend the soil 1954; The adventures of Junior Raindrop 1948), Japan (A Story of Tobacco 1926; The Development of the Train 1932), and Ukraine (Обережно — нерви! ‘Beware — the Nerves!’ 1975).

“Look at the rain long enough, with no thoughts in your head, and you gradually feel your body falling loose, shaking free of the world of reality. Rain has the power to hypnotize.” ― Haruki Murakami, South of the Border, West of the Sun. Rain is an instrument, a device, a setting, a mood, an obstacle, a celebration. It is science, it is story, it’s just weather. Rain is something to plan for or to carry on in spite of. Whether it’s captured accidentally, deliberately, or even painstakingly animated, rain appears on film for each of these purposes. To include rain in film is to capture an integral piece of humanity’s relationship with the natural world. Furthermore, we allow rain to stand in as a mirror for our own emotional condition – a storm can be a sigh of relief after a drought or, more frequently, a representation of inner turmoil. Its malleability makes it one of our most powerful storytelling tools. This small collection attempts to show the diversity of the documentation of rain, including educational materials and artistic films, spanning almost one hundred years. In the student film L.A. Rebellion (1978), the protagonist cycles through song after song about rain, finally settling on “Rainy Days and Mondays” by Johnny Hartman before looking out the window and sighing, “Oh, it’s raining,” and slowly moving through her morning routine. She notes, “Rain…it makes everything seem slower.” The music and the weather communicate a familiar dreariness, and the protagonist reflects on her evolving relationship with rain throughout the short film. The short film RAINDROP (1975) is a beautiful collection of nature footage that shows the journey of a raindrop as it moves through the world. Dun Laoghaire Storm (1960s) is a silent amateur film that shows a stormy evening in Ireland. The Kill It and Leave This Town trailer (2020) opens with a dramatic storm in sketchbook style animation, with the rain complementing the horror elements of the film. In De Dood van Rudolph Valentino (1926), crowds line up in the rain for three days to mourn actor Rudolph Valentino; this film contains some parallels to the military parade marching through the rain in Le défilé militaire du 14 juillet 2001. Mexico City experiences unusual weather—outtakes (1929) documents rain and hail flooding Mexico City, and What Makes Rain (1946) is an educational Young America Films. Finally, The Rainshower / Dimension Films (1965) is another informational film that explains how rain affects people and animals. Whether fiction or nonfiction, live or animated, the ubiquitous presence of rain is all around us and documented on film.

Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world alongside coffee and soda. From its early origins in China and India, tea has spread to all corners of the world. Tea has taken root and developed cultures and ceremonies centering around it in countries as far from each other as Japan and the UK. The emphasis of these six films is tea in the anglophone world with the exception of Brooke Bond te-reklame, a short commercial from the National Library in Norway. Of these six films four are commercials, one is an amateur documentary, and one (New Zealand Industries) is a hybrid between a commercial and a documentary. Tea Time, the longest of these films was filmed by Nat & Nettie McGavin on 16mm film stock. The documentary was entered in the Scottish Amateur Film Festival of 1962. PG Tips presents a funny take on one Irish woman’s need for tea while the Army TV Commercial speaks to the pervasiveness of tea in British culture. Tea Making Tips was produced in the UK during WWII and presents some bizarre tips on how to make tea during wartime shortages. New Zealand Industries. Tea Packing and Blending encourages New Zealanders to buy locally, and shows the processes of tea packing and tea blending in New Zealand by Bell Tea Co. So, from nostalgic feels to quirky tips on how to make a better cuppa tea; be entertained and become informed as you watch this selection of commercials and documentaries all about tea.

Every genre of cinema intersects with sex. It sells, shocks, titillates and fascinates. From the dawn of using photographic emulsion to document movement - motion picture film has been utilized to exploit the human desire for sex. Sexually-explicit material has always been an issue for archives that seek to collect materials that hold an inherent value and relate to the larger context of the surrounding history in which they were created. This program approaches intimacy throughout the decades by exhibiting the artistic use of seduction as a cover for sexuality. Without visionary approaches to subversively broaching this topic by filmmakers in addition to the often unspoken work of archivists preserving work that contains difficult subject matter, the history of cinema might possibly have been devoid of this terribly tantalizing topic. So, forget Netflix and chill - watch these and Archive and chill instead!

Ah, fairy tales. We all grow up with them one way or another. At bedtime or in school, they were read to us when we were kids. Told to us by our parents or grandparents, adding their own perspective and flair to it. These stories were passed down to us, retold from books that were later transformed into recollections from the person who is telling the particular fairy tale from memory. But what makes us enjoy these stories so much? Especially when we watch them as animations? It’s a feeling of nostalgia that hits us. It takes us back to when we were children, feeling cozy with our loved ones, listening to them tell us these tales while we imagine them in our head. In this program, dive into the retelling of some of our favorite fairy tales that we all know. Feel comfort and joy. Remember what it was like when this story was first told to you. Sink into this feeling as you watch. Now…it is time… to go back in time.

Public festivals, rituals, private celebrations. The complex indigenous cosmologies, mixed cultures, sacred religious dates and events of capitalism. Fire, burning herbs, flowers and fruits. The colors, sounds, bodies, and smells of us are represented in many films, from home movies to commissioned documentaries. Here is a short path to follow the tracks of how this dimension of the our lives in many cultures was represented in movies since the beginning of the film history. The program is also a trigger to think about when and how indigenous peoples, cultures freed from colonialism and traditional communities took control of their own representations in cinema.

L’odeur est un rapport au monde. Une connexion intuitive qui nous relie à l’animal. Elle façonne notre appréhension à la nature, à notre environnement, à la nourriture. Elle convoque notre mémoire et nous renvoie à des lieux, des gestes, des instants et affects emprunts de nostalgie. Manufacturée, elle annihile, camoufle son état originel pour devenir un marqueur social qui véhicule des informations. Volatile, insaisissable, elle peut annoncer des menaces, un nuage noir qui renvoie la matière à l’état de fumée.

Depictions of waste, toxicity, environmental destruction, fumes, excess, and pollution have been ever-present in cinema. At times playful, contestatory in some cases, commercial or just as records of public works or government negligence, these moving images shed light (literally) on contemporary discussions about the environment and enter into conversation with a massive production that anticipates apocalyptic and dystopian worlds.

Le trait est une idée traduite en une marque créée par un mouvement du corps à travers d’un instrument. C'est aussi une forme de connexion entre l'idée et le spectateur sur un support. Dans cette sélection de matériel audiovisuel, le trait transgresse les limites de la toile pour rendre le film son nouveau support d’expression et propose différentes formes d’intervention avec des lignes.

Moving image archives capture moments in space and time. These pictures trigger our memories, keep record of our cultural heritage and provoke nostalgic responses. However, the inherent absence of smell from the moving image removes the olfactory response and the exceptional ability of ‘the Proust effect’ to instantaneously trigger vivid autobiographical memories. The smell of the familiar and the comforting feeling that it brings often leads us to describe something that “smells like home”, but can the reverse be true? Do images that show familiar scenes of our home lives provoke memories of their scent? If they do indeed remind us of a smell, do we all smell the same home? This short programme presents a variety of scenarios selected to show both universal and specific home comforts from a cup of tea and the spray of the sea to freshly cooked meats and newly clean sheets - with the addition of some pungent stenches for contrast.

Candlelight. Flame. Flickers… fumare. “Wherever citrus trees are gathered together, they cross-pollinate, and over time varieties develop that are peculiar to their setting… Spremuta d’arancia: a good omen. [Citrus bergamia] is like an animal in its chosen territory…Take it away from its home ground and you will make it a perpetual invalid, incapable of tolerating the cold weathering strong winds…carefree, liberated, untidy and entirely organic…the addition of bergamot oil makes a perfume last longer and brings all its other elements into harmony, rather like the conductor of an orchestra.” (Attlee, 2014). Amber light, where red meets yellow, emotes warmth and resilience. Fire. Fight. Willpower. Veins: when blue blood turns to gold. This program of films exhibits characteristics of both the warmth and fury of flame, as well as the deliberate strength of the bergamot plant. The personalities of the people, times, and the film material itself allude to the vigor and sensitivity of our planet’s atmosphere and the people within it. Beauty is also a theme within the frames of these old and new “flickers”, in the sense of individuality through creativity and willpower. When kept in amicable conditions, a film can last hundreds of years; celluloid material is sturdy yet picky, just as living beings are. What is defined as a “harsh” condition to one may be an environment where another thrives; not many other fruits will blossom in the rocky terrain where bergamot thrives. We have beauty that may be seen by others when we plant ourselves in strange climates, however if the nourishment we require is not there we are hanging on the thread of our own tenacity. We may plant ourselves in foreign places to fulfil our destiny and, although the environment around us may not be directly encouraging, we thrive if our mission is being fulfilled. Humans find “home” within or deepest dreams and desires. We become truly alive when we are honest with ourselves and offer our souls the possibility of living authentically to our unique nature. Citation: Attlee, H. (2014, April 3). The Land Where Lemons Grow: The Story of Italy and Its Citrus Fruit.

In the beginning was the colour orange. A friction, an expansion, a fecundation. In the beginning was the orange. An explosion, a birth, a potency. In the beginning was the orange. A turn around oneself to return to the starting point. In the beginning was the orange. An existence, a movement, a permanent revolution.

A partir de la fascination pour les chaînes de fabrication des usines, en pensant au film d'Alain Resnais, le Chant du Styrène (1985) ou à l'usine Plastac dans mon Oncle (1958)de Jacques Tati, cette programmation montre comment le cinéma rend compte de la transformation de la matière, grâce à la prise de vue, au montage ou même en dessinant directement sur la pellicule. Les gestes des hommes et la ligne de fabrication des objets industriels (du peigne au formica en passant par le travail du fer) témoignent d'un regard attentif porté sur cette période de la fin des années 1960, période de bascule dans un monde moderne où le plastic est la matière de l'avenir. Les films abstraits viennent en contrepoint à cet enregistrement documentaire et montre la saccade ou au contraire la recherche d'une harmonie dans le mouvement des formes.

Is biting into oranges like biting into a burning sun? What feelings does biting into a juicy fruit bring? Is it as if we are dipping into the orange sun in the light of the golden hour? 'Orange' is a homonym. The word itself is based on ambiguity. It defines both the object and the colour it acquires thanks to the hot rays of the sun, which make it what it is - a juicy fruit that has swallowed the sun, basking in its light. The orange hides the sun that illuminates it from within, giving it shape and life. Oranges, due to their beautiful colour and spherical shape, have for centuries been associated with the sun, which, as essential to life, symbolises fertility, reproduction and vital energy. In many mythologies, the orange as the 'Golden Apple' has been linked to the story of the creation of the world. Oranges are thus like little suns. Everything within the range of the sun's rays is drowned in orange light. The golden hour is reflected with the orange colour on buildings, on trees, on faces, on skin, on the sea. When we greedily gaze up at the sky thirsting for light, for warmth, for sunshine, what afterimage does this leave in us? What film weaves under our eyelids? The programme uses as its starting point the homonymous sound of the word 'orange', the colour and shape of the fruit and the conditions for growing oranges, which bring to mind the sunny south. It loosely follows the rather poetic associations with what being under the golden sun brings, capturing glimpses of experience of biting into the juicy fruit: sea breezes, dazzling views, joy, but also the melancholy associated with sunset, sensual pleasure and, finally, abstract afterimages under the eyelids. In parallel, it explores the motif of sun-orange sphericity and the cyclical rhythm of the world and its constant astronomical dynamics, based on coexistence and interdependence.

To say orange is to speak of a fruit, a colour and sometimes of a football team. Leaving the fruit and the football behind, what can we say about orange as a colour? What do we see in orange, that we don’t see in other colours? What specific meanings can it carry? Those questions are the guiding principles to explore orange as a colour. Looking at the use of orange’s orangeness, one can move through a range of uses of the specificity of orange. Orange can be used as a colour that’s just as good as any other colour. It is used because colour is wanted, with little regard as to what colour that is. Orange can also take a formal meaning. Its difference from other colours can be used to differentiate and to identify. Nevertheless this use does not exploit the specific meanings that orange can carry. Orange can carry specific meanings and it’s through these meanings that the specificity of orange as opposed to other colours transpires. Finally, these meanings can be instrumentalised for the creation of a narrative or a metaphor, taking up a broader symbolic meaning. By exploring orange as a colour, we move through this range trying to track down some of the specificities of orange and how these are used to create meaning.

Things don´t just exist, they happen. We are in a world made up of interconnections between existences and experiences, between lines and nodes - writes the anthropologist Tim Ingold. This programme shows a variety of views of different lines. Conversations over the line, school kids in lines, lines that are used to pull up and adjust the sails. A train along the railway lines transforms the spectator-traveler into an intrepid explorer. The slacklining walker and his balancing act in the air on a thin and floating rope above the turbulent interwar period in the late 1920s. Lines on artisans sweating foreheads, fully engaged in an act of creation. In bullfighting a white line circumscribes an area which reveals soon a space of death and misfortune. In The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari the abstract set and excessive visual style with distorted perspective and falling lines are an escape or break from reality. These lines emphasize the claustrophobic interior space and the state of mind. Neruda´s lines try to imitate nature in its creative processes, like direct manifestations of natural energy. A silkworm gives life to the raw silk cocoon, consisting of a single continuous line.

It's easy to imagine life moving in a straight line—making plans, following the steps, and hoping everything turns out to be what we want. Yet for immigrants who choose to go abroad, life is full of twists and turns when they decide to leave their home countries. Optimistic at first, they embark on an adventure to find a better home. Soon they discover that everything is different than they imagined: they need to build a new life from the ground up, which means learning a new language, adapting to a new culture, and finding a new home or a job. After a long process of assimilation, they again face mundane and repetitive lives, constantly negotiating their identities.

The relationship between humans and nature is nourished by what they perceive, what they see, what they touch and what they smell. The plants, according to the seasons, transform by their scent our relationship to the nature that we cross. Used, abused by man, nature changes its scent, transforms itself. Become consumable, its smell evolves, sometimes goes astray, refocuses towards ritual forms, or manipulations for consumption. Other smells appear, more tenuous, stranger, suggesting a change. Even films can undergo these mutations. Masked by the destruction, the smells by modifying themselves, become harbingers, announcing also the revolts. Before the changes, something in the wind tells us that it is time... Ce que l’on perçoit, ce qui advient. Le rapport entre les humains et la nature se nourrit de ce que l’ils en perçoivent, de ce qu’ils en voient, de ce qu’ils touchent et ce qu’ils sentent. Les végétaux, selon les saisons, transforment par leur senteur notre rapport à la nature que l’on traverse. Utilisée, malmenée par l’homme, la nature change d’odeurs, se transforme. Devenue consommable, son odeur évolue, s’égare parfois, se recentre vers des formes rituelles, ou des manipulations pour consommations. D’autres odeurs apparaissent, plus ténues, plus étranges, laissant entendre un changement. Même les films peuvent subir ces mutations. Masquée par la destruction, les odeurs en se modifiant, deviennent des signes avant-coureurs, annonçant aussi les révoltes. Avant les changements, quelque chose dans le vent nous dit qu’il est temps…

Skin as Canvas In Spanish skin means piel and it comes from the Latin word pellis. This is related to an Indoeuropean root: pel-6 also meaning piel, membrana and it derived in filme or película. In Old English filmen also referred to membrane, thin skin, foreskin. Today one of the film’s connotations is also the “thin layer of something on a surface.” In this program I want to emphasize how this skin/membrane can be equated to a painting canvas. In order to be used, it has to be prepared: stretch, seal and prime. Afterwards different techniques can be applied to create something. By doing that we are adding texture and topography to it. The same applies to our skin. We scrub creams and oils to make it softer or substances to change its pigmentation. We stretch it to be fitter and to change it to comply with aesthetic impositions. There are multiple ways to use and abuse the skin for commercial or aesthetic reasons. The first short, Mujer simulando el revelado de una fotografía, illustrates the film development in a dark room to equal the skin preparation. In that sense the Chomon’s piece also adds in that direction. While Les Paris de mannequins shows us the commercial use of the skin, Iconos de la fotografía: Gertrudis de Moses includes images of body skin with diverse topographies made by a female gaze in Chile even before Surrealism became an artistic movement. De vita händerna also explores the body in distint situations. Petite chronique de l’image (1995/2002) depicts the flexibility of this human canvas through dans. Finally, Bits and Pieces Nr. 518 exposes the decay in the membrane/skin of films.

Line, lines, triangle, triangles, square, squares, cube, cubes, pyramids, buildings, architecture, civilization. Pyramids are all over the world. Egypt, Sudan, Mali, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, China, Cambodia Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, El Salvador, Peru, USA, France, Greece, Italy and Spain. Pyramid of Djoser – Egypt, the first (known) architect was Imhotep. The Djoser was built in the 27th century BC. What are the ancient, the recent and the eternity architecture rules? How did architecture effect civilization? How does civilization, our society effect architecture? How long the pyramids can survive? How much the monumental buildings amazed people in the 20th century, how much it amaze still? Guests to invite for discussion: archaeologist, architect, anthropologist.

||Tram lines: the parallel railway tracks that a tram runs on. ||Tramlines: continuous vertical scratch lines running through multiple frames of a film. There is a school of thought that considers these scratches as a part of cinematographic heritage. As it is known that earlier films were shown to the audience this way, some see these defects as an authentic patina of earlier times. Others see the scratches as meaningless and annoying defects, that should be eliminated. ||There are times when one must pick a side. Where do we draw the line between freedom and responsibility when programming films from conflicting cultures/languages in wartime?

Cumulation des images, évocations du sensible, cette sélection des quelques œuvres expérimentales, à cheval entre les années soixante et soixante-dix, met en avant la nature, le végétal mais aussi l’artifice et l’humain. Ce sont des films tantôt loufoques, tantôt poétiques, où une part importante est donnée au son, à la musique et au bruit. En partant du sous-bois humide de la forêt luxuriante australienne où défilent les images des plantes et petits insectes dans un film qui se veut plus poétique que pédagogique, on passe aux tourbillons d’œillets indiens et de spirales de lumière enrobées par le son du sitar. Le voyage sensoriel continue au long de scénettes absurdes : des musiciens, un repas/happening musical, des jeux enfantins au milieu de la ferme, et puis encore l’Atlantique, la flore marine et côtière, la faune des près et le jardin, havre intime de l’être. Respirez, sentez les narines pleines d’images.

Colour as a passive meeting point drives this programme. The subtle presence of colour can either pass unnoticed or be the keystone to the memory of an event that implies, forces, or demands the gathering of people, depending on the meaning of the object or the scene. The gathering can be one of celebration and togetherness (the barbecue fire, the sunset, the parade); it can be one of reconstruction after a catastrophe (fire); it can be one of labour (peach canning, cashew tree); it can be one of everyday life (the clay pots, the small fireplace); and it can be one of enchantment and uniqueness of the event (lava from the volcano). The gatherings around the colour orange suggest the multiplicity of sensations and meanings that can be attributed to an event, as well as the relevance that colour can have in these moments. Fire can provoke an encounter or it can be a call to one, lava can be catastrophic or captivating, the Orange Walk can be a moment of togetherness or of social and political tension. Throughout these films, we find this multiplicity of sensations, meanings, and references. And just like their content, these forms of gathering seek to aborb the synaesthesia implied in the idea of orange through the encounter of people in image and choral songs, and the appeal to the imagination of colour.

Inspired by the ancient Greek myth of the Moirai (the Fates), who were said to weave the thread lines of human destiny, this selection of home movies invites us to explore the diverse life experiences of ordinary people. Appropriating these forgotten memories into our own personal perceptions, we create new connections and meaning, drawing from a variety of human experiences. These films offer a unique opportunity to reflect on our individual life lines and the ways in which they intersect with the broader threads of human history.

I close my eyes and see a fresh fruit dangling pendulously on a branch. From outside my vision someone’s hand stretches to pluck the fruit, before slumping to the ground and devouring it, protected from the afternoon heat by the cool shade of the tree. This is a fantasy, a storybook image of a tranquil grove where life is slow and peaceful, where a sweet treat is never more than a step and a jump away. There is an unattainable romance to this image of rural idyll, an induced yearning for watching the sweet yield of trees, vines, and bushes being picked. This program, which takes its name from the final line of William Carlos Williams' poem This Is Just To Say, collects films that feature scenes of harvest. Each in its own way depicts the setting of an orchard or farm and the careful picking of fruit, presented by way of archival films from around the world and across years. That said, this program aims neither to fetishize manual agricultural work, nor to flatten or obscure the diverse social, cultural, and economic conditions present at the time these films were captured. By fixing the gesture of a hand outreached towards a hanging fruit across time and geography, this selection works to spotlight the subtext and peripheral action that exists within each film. The hope is to make evident the other events, both small and large, that play out around the ceaseless harvesting of fruit. Images of military action, of industrialization and the tension between modern and traditional, of racial dynamics, of family structures and gender roles. These all skirt the edges of the frame yet indelibly shape the task of agricultural harvest and complicate our initial imagined serenity.

Il s'agit d'un parcours entre la matérialité de la peau humaine (en italien "pelle") et celle de la pellicule, "peau" du cinéma. Rouge. Je ressens des émotions, j'ai chaud, ma peau rougit, elle montre son âme, s'expose aux autres. Cette surface naturelle, prise pour acquise, devient soudainement présente, se révèle aux autres. De la même façon, au fil du temps le film argentique peut virer au magenta : son teint montre une face nouvelle, différente, perturbante et pourtant inéluctable. Sensuelle. Porte entre deux mondes intimes, la peau est le lieu de passage d'un désir. Le sens du toucher, l'odorat, les perceptions physiques révèlent une passion. La matière du cinéma peut tenir du fétichisme : envie de toucher, développer la pellicule, garder les sens actifs sous l'impulsion d'une matière vivante à contrôler, maîtriser, exposer. Blessée. Surface aisément atteignable, partie externe d'un corps chargé d’histoire, la peau devient la cible de violences qui visent un plus grand univers de valeurs, qui demeure lui inaccessible. Violence de l'oubli, de la mégarde, du délaissement. La peau du cinéma (pellicule) manifeste elle aussi ses blessures (rayures, poussière, décomposition). Séparée. Contour, périmètre, enveloppe du corps humain, l'épiderme tout comme la pellicule marque une séparation. Par sa matérialité la pellicule impose sa présence, le cinéma qui s'en passe impose par conséquent son contraire : l’absence. L'absence de matière comme métaphore d'une séparation amoureuse, la tristesse de se séparer de la matière du cinéma argentique, telle la mélancolie de la peau d’un amant parti.

Le terme « odeur » renvoie à l’idée de parfum, de senteur, d’arômes, que ce soit au sujet des aliments, de la nourriture, de la cuisine et de ses spécialités, des marchés ou encore les rites du repas, les célébrations ou les festivités culinaires. L’idée de ce programme est donc d’explorer les aspects olfactifs et culinaires mais aussi d’étudier les aspects culturels, sociétaux et sociaux de la nourriture, de la cuisine et de l’alimentation.

Orange, a color used in many contexts that takes on a variety of meanings and evokes different emotions. Due to its potential visual intensity, orange is for example used to attract attention in traffic signs, which has taught us to react attentively to the color itself. At the same time, the kindred nuances of amber was, in the silent film era, used as one of the most common tinting colors, often giving film scenes a warm, harmonic impression. In a religious context, the color is not least associated with the robes of the Buddhist monk. The origin is said to lie in the fact that the textile was dyed using readily available natural dyestuff based on bark, roots, flowers, fruits and different types of soil. The result worked perfectly to symbolize a new beginning; a sunrise captured in a cloth. The name of the commune Orange in southeastern France has nothing to do with the color (nor the fruit). Rather, it is explained as a French distortion of the name Aurenja from the medieval dialect of the area, but the color has nevertheless been connected throughout history with the city and the principality of Orange. The principality also gave name to House of Orange-Nassu, the reigning house of the Netherlands, which is why the color is associated with the Netherlands as well. The same dynasty - and color - inspired the Orange Order, the Protestant fraternal order that are marching in Orange walks.

Phenakistoscope and zootropes existed since decades before Lumière brothers’ invention. These instruments made use of drawings that, shown in rapid succession, looked like they were mooving: animation is a genre born long before cinema existed. Experimental movies from the 20th century used simple lines and geometrical shapes as a stimulus for the imagination and, through movement and morphing, went against the notion of geometry as an abstract and rigid domain, but rather as something in motion and sort of organic. In this selection you will see films in which the strokes that form the characters and objects are thick and easily distinguisheable, and show how animation has been intended as the most suitable genre for easy entertainment enjoyment, comedy, political satire, rhythmic expression and storytelling for didactic porpouses.

This program gives a little glimpse of the world of beauty and ideals depicted in film works through decades and societies. Healthy and beautiful skin appears to be one of the cornerstones of the concept of beauty. What exactly is beautiful and desired has changed in time and varies culturally. In some parts of the world, people worship the sun and idealize tanned bodies (Osram Höhensonne,1959), in others people whiten their skin to look prettier. There are still tribes today that use skin embroidery and tattooing (like in Bakuba, 1952) to decorate themselves. In the Western society television, advertisements and beauty magazines constantly tell women (and men) every day what they should do (and buy, just like in Dorothy Gray "Satura", 1960 and many other commercials) in order to get closer to finding the holy grail - beauty and youth forever. They also convince us that our skin needs constant care, treatment, countless beauty products and of course, a lot of effort - that's where the beauty industry is profiting tremendously. Nobody wants to look old, feel old, get old. We despise wrinkles and the beauty industry offers several remedies to fight “aging” (The Rejuvenation Treatment, 1926). The desire to stay young and firm and fit has become a norm, especially for women. The male gaze has been haunting women for a long time. Beauty now (2007) offers a satirical view about contemporary attitudes towards female beauty. But surely also men have expectations and beauty standards imposed on them. Muscle Beach (1948) takes an interesting look into the subculture of bodybuilders and gymnasts who also represent the body cult. Fitter shape, firmer skin, better bodies.

Lines, be they geographical or cultural, are man-made demarcations used to divide groups, nation states, or ideological camps into separate political entities. Though shifting and arbitrary, they are often dictated by and materialize the presence of those who are in power. National borders, wartime front lines, and racial boundaries, all legitimize the myth of an existing social order and hierarchy. People who do not fit squarely into these pre-determined limits are usually the voiceless and disenfranchised minorities. // This mini-program is intended to investigate the liminal state of individuals who are forced to “cross the lines” in crucial historical moments such as WWII, Vietnam War, or even climate crisis. From mobilized racial minorities who fought the wars for their Anglo-Saxon compatriots (but were later ditched to the side), to Japanese immigrant families put in interim camps due to their suspected lack of loyalty, the friend-or-foe logic drawing the lines often effaced the humanity and dignity of those who were caught in between the two worlds. // This curation, on one hand, comprises government war propagandas propounding the promising ideals of social integration and harmony; one the other, it includes works that illuminate on the harsh reality of war and the refugees it creates. Besides documentary and oral history, the selection also incorporates other forms such as animation, fiction and experimental films to touch upon different aspects of exile in post-Cold War and contemporary contexts, hoping to connect the dots and map out the terrains of both external displacement (to foreign territories) and internal displacement (within one's own country.)

Lines that divide, lines that connect, lines of geography, lines that are man-made. Lines that carve up, lines that imbue meaning, that create disjuncture and illustrate symmetry. At it's most basic, most primal level, film can elucidate the very fundamental binary of light and shadow - the way a simple line can create something out of nothing. These films, though very different in form and function, display the broad sense of 'lines' and the many uses and meanings we find for them. They help us divide up the natural and not so natural world - for agriculture and transport, into institutions and distinct territories - and also allow us to bring disorder and playfulness too. In the more experimental works we see a desire to play with images at their most basic - lines of light, of shadow, and of colour, as they break up the screen, flow through space(s) or play across them. In the spirit of Gilles Deleuze, it is also interesting to look at lines of movement - how the camera moves through a certain space, creating certain moods or move a narrative forward or in the case of 'Video 360' choose our own line of movement through the virtual space, giving a unique line - of story, travel and meaning - to each interaction.

Des terres émanent des odeurs qui nous évoquent bien souvent des souvenirs : L’odeur du foin juste coupé en passant à côté d’un champ pendant les moissons ou encore celle des fleurs en jachères. La nature se révèle par son aspect sauvage, mais aussi à travers le savoir-faire des paysans qui travaillent la terre. Les cultures évoluent au cours de l’année durant laquelle les champs son labourés, ensemencés, récoltés. A chaque saison ses couleurs et ses odeurs qui embaument les narines du promeneur.

The theme Imprints of Life in a category "Smell" takes us to the titles that bring us close to the memories and traditions, impressions of the places we have been to, interiours, parks and smells of different seasons we experience being outside. Interious can be of leisure, of work and of play. Exteriours are cities with their different corners and activities but also nature, like sea and flowers. All the impressions we get from different places and their familiar smell are endless and transport us each time far away, memories come back, where we enjoyed delicious food or spent wonderful moments together with loved ones. When we see the archival films of cities we always wonder how it must have smelled by then in the different street corners, especially at markets or parks. The smell is also very much associated to older objects, like furniture or just old books, which have a strong bond to archives and archival films

À la fois constituée d’un nombre impressionnant d’orifices minuscules et à la fois totalement imperméable, la peau se joue de biens des paradoxes. Enveloppe qui nous abrite, nous cherchons nous-même à l’abriter. Elle nous permet de ressentir la douceur… mais également la douleur. Elle détecte les stimuli qui seront interprétés et transformés par le cerveau. Nous la soignons, nous l’entretenons, elle se donne en spectacle mais, au fil du temps, elle devient inexorablement oripeaux. Mais qu’est-ce qu’on ne ferait pas pour la peau ? Publicité, documentaire, reportages et film d’animation constituent ce programme.

A short and light programme of archive adverts from around the world, that use our senses of smell and taste for sales. Whether it be the fear of smelling bad, the exaggerated smell of good food, or the smell of danger, these films use a variety of methods and styles to have us pay attention or get our wallets out. Some use standard formats such as close ups of food, idealistic yet eery family settings. Some play on our concerns and fears. Then there are those that swing left of field and use the bizarre and surreal to grab our attention. Who knows what is going on, does it really matter? Our attention is caught! Adverts are so recognisable as a form, and can feel dated quite quickly, which can make them feel absurdist and a humorous experience when watching today. The opposite to how we feel watching most adverts of the current time. This selection also makes us consider the changes and constants in advertising, do these products and foods look as appetizing now? Why are so many adverts across the world and different time periods so similar? It begs the question are we as a people predictable and easily manipulated, or is the advertising game just stuck in its ways? Some of these films do not have subtitles, but honestly you do not need it.

What follows after foul odour is never a pretty sight. Smells that are repellent have become synonyms to negative phenomena, and can usually leave a stronger impression than pleasant scents. Though comforting environments like hotels and fancy restaurants may be more appealing, the use of elements equivalent to foul odour creates more impact on the audience. The sight of ghettos, animal farms, and labour, instinctively links with pain and misery, contributing to the dramatic nature of cinema. These metaphors, when applied on screen, strengthens the missing fifth sense (without the help of smell-o-vision), allowing us to imagine with our nose, further compassionating with the content. This selection seeks to observe the similarity in themes when using "smelly" factors, and to explore its effectiveness of connecting sight to smell. "A Workingman’s Death" and "Travaux de la ferme" attacks with blood, sweat and manure; "Daydream Therapy", "3 To Go: Judy" and "An Innocent Theft" contrasts the urban and rural environment; an unsanitary home hints at the mental state of "Five Year Diary, reel 22: A Short Affair & Going Crazy"’s narrator; and "Findus: Fish Fingers" questioning attempt to increase appetite with the fishy scent of a beloved snacks’ ingredient in its natural state.

Orange on the road means you must stop if you’re able to but orange can also be the colour of controlling traffic lights on the streets. A code of conduct. How would you behave? Time travellers you need to grab the steering wheel of your car, your bicycle’s handlebar. All the traffic lights are orange on the world’s road. A concerning and exciting suspension. No one really knows if we should stop or speed up. No one really knows how to conduct themselves. But educational and public information productions from the past are there to show us a way. Often related to safety and government-commissioned, these films drew a line between good and bad to ensure social peace and order. An interesting “how-to-be-in-the-right” depending on societies, times, and political contexts. At last, an expression of “good citizens” willing to be “good citizens”, “good workers”, “good employees”. This programme offers a few examples of what the You from another time, another place should have been and done to be “in the right”.

Does talking about marriage mean talking about love? If only we knew what love is. A very powerful question, very frequent and perhaps at the same time so impossible to answer. Probably it is precisely this feature of it, so evanescent, that makes it still so interesting in our eyes. This program does not want to answer the question, but rather, to insinuate in the viewer a personal reflection, on what it means to love and decide to live a life together.

"Ce qu'il y'a de plus profond en l'homme, c'est la peau", said Paul Valéry. Here we have a display of several types of skins, all ages and with multiple functions (clothing as a second skin to our naked skin*, film as a second skin to the skin of reality, etc.), and from a myriad of species (humans and animals mixed together), sometimes being played out, wearing each other. Getting sick, getting old, masking itself, just being or exhibiting itself, perfect (with or without make up) or defected (scars or aging wrinkles). What a Zoo! (I note that in the film from Cinemateca Portuguesa, the narrator compares the skins of the animals in the Lisbon Zoo with, for instance, swimsuits or types of hats.) * I included two BFI films (sorry...), if I really have to exclude one, it is the first one, "Weavers in Kilbarchan, Scotland".

This program aims to show different approaches of dealing with / filming the body, its surface and its depths, in short length films of diversified nature (educational, documentary, commercial or artistic). It begins with a long commercial film from the 50’s, advertising cosmetics for women, but promoted as an hygiene and beauty care educational film, showed in schools and women’s groups. A typical product of post-war American way of conceiving the «ideal woman». The 2 subsequent films portray the equivalent post-war American ideal of male beauty: the muscled man. The first is a documentary about the bodybuilding culture, showing the typical middle class beach day (in Santa Monica, California), filled with exhibitionist bodybuilders (not only male, though), filmed with a musical funny comment by the future famous director Joseph Strick, assisted by the also well known director Irving Lerner. The other is an 1968 campy TV commercial, starred by Mae West, surrounded by a group of muscled male fans. The program goes on with a deeper exploration of the skin, by presenting a Swedish film from 2018, directed by Dalwid Ullgren , which looks at gay saunas in the pre-AIDS era (the main action takes place in a Stockholm gay sauna in 1981) as safe places for exploration of desires and skin sensuality – although constrained by strict rules –, but also as «liberator» from monogamy ties (therefore, with damaging consequences on relationship commitment). A logical continuation of the previous film in this session is a plunge in the most deeper skin, the territory of the venereal diseases. We will show an American animation film, with educational / scientific purposes, about syphilis and gonorrhea (it was produced in the pre-AIDS era, in 1973), in a good humored and light tone (the plagues have cartoonish figures, e.g. syphilis is portrayed as a vampire, in Dracula outfits). The last film in this program is about another skin issue that goes beyond surface, entering in the realms of anthropology and politics. It is also an American animated cartoon, from the immediate post-war period (1946), and also with an education purpose: it aims to explain that there are no basic differences between the races of the world (the human colours of skin) and that, across the history, the only differences evidenced were due to environmental influences. It was based in “Races of Mankind”, a pamphlet by Ruth Benedict and Gene Weltfish.

As usual, it all started with a fairy-tale. With an adventure, full of golden riches. Then a glimpse of light and colour. Orange. The colour of the afternoon sun. The colour of idly enjoying a day off. The hair, the grass, the skin, glowing in the golden sun, which turns into an image of a burning fire. A concert of legends only in image, a document of time, accompanied by the sound of memory. The gaiety and frivolity of a family reunion in the late summer garden. Just before the nightfall, a lover watches her love, drifting away with another in the setting sun. A story of a fateful romance, which ends in wild red flames of destructive jealousy, the ultimate shade of love.

The skin is the body’s largest organ, a multilayer tissue that acts as a protective barrier, performs important physiological functions, and exists as a critical (aging) surface. “As the edge between the body and the world,” film scholar Jennifer M. Barker writes, “the skin always functions as both a covering and an uncovering, because of its simultaneous proximity to the public world and to the secretive inner body.” This short program looks at some of the things we do with, to, and because of our skin. For example, we clean and embellish it, and whole industries (i.e., cosmetics, entertainment), as well as societal norms, are built around clean, unblemished, made up, and beautiful skin. While we cover up our skin with make-up and clothing, it is also something that can be revealed in provocative ways. One place where skin is always on display is the beach, when our bodily surfaces interact with sun, sand, sweat, and salt water. Moreover, the color of a person’s skin has, both historically and in the present day, regrettably and unjustly been something that has been used to categorize and limit others. Finally, skin, represented in the final two films by the surface of the celluloid film strip, can be scratched, damaged, and marked–and always transforms with time.

« Faire peau neuve » (exp.) Déf. Changer sa façon d'être ; changer d'apparence ; changer de manière d'être ; se rénover entièrement ; devenir quelque chose ou quelqu'un de nouveau. Au début des cellules pigmentaires, la chrysalide se transforme, danse hypnotique, le drapée de la crevette craque, Elizabeth Taylor et Vivien Leigh muent sous technicolor, lotion, savon, la peau est douce, le « ulu » coupe, peaux écharnées, laine, cuir, les ciseaux du coiffeur sont un art, « peau contre peau » dira-t-il, ah la barbe !, qui se cache derrière le miroir ?, faisceaux noirs et blancs, l’écran s’éteint.

Seen from miles above, streets seem to be the lines connecting all humankind and acting as threads binding the planet together. This program wants to explore the various ways roads have been shown in films all over the world in the past century. Starting out with beautiful aerial views from the California coast, we quickly shift to how such views were used in wars ever since the invention of the airplane: First targets were chosen from above, then the bombardments came from the sky as well and afterwards, arbitrary lines were drawn by the victorious parties. In times of peace, however, humans try to make everything possible to connect with each other and to access the most remote landscapes and their fellow man, be it through the construction of mountain roads in Iceland, bridges to Rio de Janeiro, or tunnels through the alps. Travelogs made specifically for car journeys through Mexico or home movies on holiday in New Guinea showcase the ease and beauty of traveling by car, which made travel affordable even for the working class and the idea of the road trip desirable. Yet, progress can also be seen in the inevitable traffic which comes along with prosperity, on the daily commute or in the holiday traffic to escape it all. In the end, streets are built to serve us all and this program makes a case for their reclamation. So go out on the street, to dance, to protest, to ride your soap box car, to connect with the person at the end of the road, at the end of the line!

La peau fait immédiatement penser à l'amour. Le début de l'amour commence avec un bisou, tout comme le début du cinéma commence par l'arrivée d'un train. Alors A Kiss in the Tunnel est le début parfait. Peau à peau/peu à peu, l’amour se transforme dans une promesse de mariage, un jeu de couple où, pour pouvoir gagner, il faut aussi se mettre dans la peau de l'autre. Nous voici donc à la comédie romantique en travesti de The ABC of Love, dans laquelle une jeune femme essaie d'apprendre à son fiancé timide comment courtiser une femme et finit par découvrir à quel point il est difficile d'être un homme. Le jeu de l'amour et des apparences se complique quelques années plus tard dans le film Lovemania, où l’amour c’est comme une maladie, une folie. Un jeune couple nouvellement marié doit se changer de peau et se faire passer pour quelqu'un d'autre, afin de recueillir l'héritage d'un oncle, qui se dit contre tout mariage, seulement pour découvrir à la fin que l’oncle en question n'a pas d'argent. Le programme se termine par une vision de science-fiction, avec What’s the World Coming to?, dans un futur où les femmes ont pris la place des hommes dans la société... mais avoir changé de peau ne change pas les stéréotypes, les rôles et les conséquences du mariage ! The skin immediately makes one think of love. Love begins with a kiss, just as cinema begins with the arrival of a train. Then A Kiss in the Tunnel is the perfect start. Skin to skin/little by little, love turns into a promise of marriage, a couple's game where, in order to win, you also have to put yourself in the other person's shoes. So here we are at The ABC of Love's romantic comedy en travesti, in which a young woman tries to teach her shy fiancé how to court a woman and ends up discovering just how hard it is to be a man. The game of love and appearances becomes more complicated a few years later in the film Lovemania, where love is like a disease, a madness. A newly married young couple must change their skins and pretend to be someone else, in order to collect the inheritance of a rich uncle, who says he is against any marriage, only to find out in the end that the uncle has no money. The program ends with a sci-fi vision, with What's the World Coming to?, in a future where women have taken the place of men in society... but having changed skin does not change stereotypes, roles and consequences of marriage!

A program SMELL A film that you can smell, except among film archivists who handle it, is a rather rare experience. We have seen however in the history of cinema, processes aiming to accomplish a total cinematographic experience by soliciting the sense of smell, processes that have remained at an experimental stage, or single experiences that almost fall under the myth. From the Smell-O-Vision system, created in 1939, consisted in diffusing smells in theatres during a screening for the spectator to smell what he sees on film, to the Odorama famous Polyester (John Waters), in 1981, the olfactory cinema remains an object that has been thought by some misfits or marginals. But we still cannot smell what we are seeing on screen. Let’s think about how an image can conjure up smell in us. What’s that smell? It smells of film, ink, fruit, or flowers. It smells dirty laundry, cheese, or fish. it smells like candy, a perfume, a childhood memory. it smells of revolt and freedom.

The orange is a fruit with multiple benefits, recommended for children (For Health and Happiness). When the apple represents the Forbidden Fruit, the orange would be the fruit of all the virtues (Mi-Wadi: Orange Tree). But the orange is also international. Its tree has as much place in the pleasure gardens of New Dehli (Government House Gardens - Edythe

A film that you can smell, except among film archivists who handle it, is a rather rare experience. We have seen however in the history of cinema, processes aiming to accomplish a total cinematographic experience by soliciting the sense of smell, processes that have remained at an experimental stage, or single experiences that almost fall under the myth. From the Smell-O-Vision system, created in 1939, consisted in diffusing smells in theatres during a screening for the spectator to smell what he sees on film, to the Odorama famous Polyester (John Waters), in 1981, the olfactory cinema remains an object that has been thought by some misfits or marginals. But we still cannot smell what we are seeing on screen. Let’s think about how an image can conjure up smell in us. What’s that smell? It smells of film, ink, fruit, or flowers. It smells dirty laundry, cheese, or fish. It smells like candy, a perfume, a childhood memory. It smells of revolt and freedom.

A beloved novel and constant presence in the Brazilian collective unconscious, José Mauro de Vasconcelos’ My Sweet Orange Tree follows a little boy who befriends an orange tree to cope with the hardships he and his family endure. This story has been adapted twice for film and three times for TV in Brazil. Other Sweet Orange Trees offers a look at the complex, imaginative, and sensitive ways children approach many aspects of life such as social injustice, freedom, the subconscious, traumatic experiences, fear, desire, and the ephemeral. The program closes with “father of Brazilian Cinema” Humberto Mauro’s When I Was Eight, in which he reminisces about being a boy as the lyrics of the soundtrack lament the loss of his childhood under the orange trees.

"Coffee and Cigarettes, what a combination.” Iggy Pop The program focuses on sponsored films for coffee and cigarettes in the US, UK, and Europe. More specifically, my thoughts are to question how the films use various approaches to attract, persuade, or educate the youth. The selection doesn’t attempt to represent the full spectrum of the genre, which would be impossible, but to highlight a few instances that are intriguing and inspiring. Coffee and cigarette commercials are as old as sponsored film itself. Admiral Cigarette (1897), one of the earliest commercials, casts four men in stereotypical clothes representing John Bull, a Native American, and Uncle Sam and a female smoker who distributes the cigarettes to unfold the banner “we all smoke”. Many sponsored films take shape of or allude to other well-known genres. The program includes films that are inspired by travelogue, documentary, and even public service announcements. These films sometimes intentionally mislead the audience to believe they belong to the borrowed genre. The moment of revelation is always amusing. Finally, cigarette commercials are as popular as they are controversial. Health departments have produced educational films that target children and youth against smoking. I also included one anti-smoking film in the program, which takes the disguise of pro-smoking.

A l’ère digitale, la démocratisation des outils audiovisuels a permis de rendre accessible à tous la création d’images. Nous documentons ainsi au quotidien notre vie personnelle sans avoir besoin d’être un professionnel de l’image pour pouvoir le faire. Cette démarche personnelle rappelle qu’à ses origines, le cinéma avait été conçu pour filmer à titre personnel et non pour projeter publiquement. Comme pour la photographie, les premiers films de l’histoire répondent à une double démarche : représenter des scènes de la vie quotidienne et filmer le monde. Les premiers films sont ainsi réalisés par des géographes, des archéologues, des explorateurs,ou de riches particuliers. devenus cinéastes amateurs à une époque où la profession n’existait pas encore. Le film amateur assiste ainsi à la naissance du cinéma avant de se développer en dehors d’un dispositif professionnel et commercial de création et de diffusion cinématographiques. Conçu à titre individuel et s’adressant à un cercle privé ou restreint, le cinéma amateur a pourtant suscité un intérêt grandissant ces dernières décennies au sein de nombreuses institutions cinématographiques, dans le but de préserver une certaine mémoire personnelle, et par extension, une histoire collective. Le cinéma amateur se trouve ainsi décentré et exposé à d’autres regards que celui auquel il s’adressait à l’origine. De nombreux questionnements peuvent être relevés à l’égard de ce déplacement allant du visionnage privé vers une projection publique Quelles étaient les intentions originelles de filmer ? Qu’est ce qui a pu inspirer ces personnes à se filmer eux-mêmes ou leur entourage ? Sans doute avaient-ils conscience que leur vie personnelle relevait parfois de l’extraordinaire. Qu’il s’agisse de traverser son quartier en ruines après une guerre, de filmer la Cité Interdite en Chine pour la première fois de son histoire, ou de filmer ses proches avant qu’ils ne disparaissent, ils savaient que ces premières fois personnelles coïncidaient parfois des événements singuliers historiques.Il leur fallait ainsi garder une trace. Le cinéma amateur s’est développé à travers différents registres : le film de voyage, celui qui relate des événements historiques, les films de famille ou les ‘home-movies’, et le journal intime filmé.Cette sélection de films propose divers exemples illustrant ces différentes catégories Le premier film de ce programme a été réalisé par Auguste François à Yunnan en Chine entre 1901 et 1904.Auguste François est un diplomate français qui, grâce à sa profession voyage beaucoup en Amérique du Sud et en Asie. A travers ses différents périples, il réalise que ces traditions, ces richesses culturelles dont il est témoin, seront sans doute amenées à disparaître. Ce film est l’un des premiers à être tourné en Chine et donne à voir des images rares de l’époque : des processions religieuses, un enterrement, des scènes de rue qui témoignent de la vie sociale sous la dynastie Qing. Le second film a été réalisé entre 1939 et 1945, , par Victor Barbe, un cinéaste amateur. Croisant l’événement historique avec la vie sociale, ce film alterne des moments de la vie de son quartier, celle des civils avec des énervements historiques (mobilisation, occupation allemande, libération). Le troisième film de cette sélection investigue les archives de la famille Greffuhle et rend hommage au monde fictif de Proust, dont on commémore le centenaire de la mort cette année. Les Greffuhle, l’une des plus vieilles familles aristocratiques françaises, inspira à Proust certains protagonistes de la Recherche du temps perdu, les Guermantes. Ces films de famille datant du début du siècle dernier permettent de donner chair et vie à des personnes que nous ne connaissions qu’en tant que personnages fictifs. A travers des scènes de la vie quotidienne, il permet de porter un autre regard sur l’œuvre romanesque de Proust. S’immisçant dans le monde personnel d’un cinéaste, le dernier film de ce programme porte sur le journal intime filmé, et plus particulièrement sur celui d’Anne Charlotte Robertson. Cette artiste américaine passa du journal intime écrit au journal intime filmé dans les années 80. Bien qu’intitulé ‘The five year diary’, ce journal intime s’étend ainsi sur quinze années de sa vie. Ce film traverse ainsi une tranche de vie mettant en parallèle des éventements marquants (naissances, mort de proches, ruptures) avec des scènes de la vie quotidienne (sorties, conversations avec des amis, repas). Ce journal deviendra un projet artistique, se développant à travers une installation multimédia, qui comportait des extraits de ces vidéos, des pages de ses journaux intimes écrits ainsi que des chansons. Si cette sélection s’ intéressait au départ aux intentions de ces cinéastes, aux raisons qui les avaient poussés à filmer leur vie personnelle et leur entourage, il convient aussi de s’interroger sur la réception de ces films à notre époque. Nés en dehors d’un dispositif cinématographique professionnel et publique, que peuvent-ils nous apprendre sur la création cinématographique et comment changent-ils notre regard sur le monde ? On prend conscience ainsi qu’entre le moment où ils ont été filmés et celui ou nous les découvrons, les différents regards qui se sont posés sur ces films ont évolué. Ainsi, les films d’Auguste François ne représentent plus seulement des témoignages provenant de cultures ayant disparu, mais peuvent aussi être perçus maintenant comme des œuvres cinématographiques à part entière , par leurs qualités formelles et esthétiques. Les films amateurs ayant attrait à certains événements historiques ne se regardent plus seulement comme des films personnels, mais comme des documents historiques éclairant certains pages de l’histoire d’une lumière nouvelle. Les films de la famille Greffuhle ne témoignent plus de la vie d’une famille aristocratique française au début du siècle dernier, mais nous renseignent sur la source d’inspiration d’une œuvre romanesque. Les films d’Anne Charlotte Robertson passent du journal intime à l’œuvre artistique. Que s’est il passé entre ces deux regards, entre celui qui a filmé sa vie personnelle et celui qui regarde maintenant, étranger à ces moments intimes si singuliers ? Cette programmation s’ intéresse à ce basculement de l’intime vers le publique pour comprendre ainsi comment ce geste personnel qui consiste à filmer sa propre vie devient un document historique ou une œuvre pouvant susciter un intérêt publique.

ردة الفعل، عنوان هذا المشروع الذي يختار مجموعة من الأفلام المتنوعة ومن مختلف البلدان حول العالم لتسليط الضوء على ردة فعل الشعوب على واقعها. إنّ ما تعيشه الشعوب الحالية إنما هو امتداد للتاريخ ليس إلا. وهذه الحركات الثورية لم تكن إلا لتغير الواقع المرير الذي عاشته وعايشته الشعوب وقتذاك وضحت لكي لا تتكرر أفعال الإستعمار والإحتـ ـلال والإستعباد والإنصياع. تخيلوا لو أنّ فعل شراء الناس لا يزال قائماً فيما بينهم لمجرد اللون، أو الدين، أو الجنس، أو اللغة.. أو أن العلم حكر على شعوب دون أخرى. وإنّ ما تعيشه بعض الشعوب حتى الآن من استعمار مقنع، وحروب باردة، واستبداد الحكام، وحتى الإحتـ ـلال، إنما هو جرحٌ؛ وأي جرح لا يؤذي صاحبَه. لأن هذه الحركات لا تزال قائمة، ولكي تبقى شعلة الثورة قائمة، فإن استذكار هذه الأفلام من برنامج ردة فعل [Re-ACT: Archive - Cinéma - Tourmente] هو لحثّ الناس بإلحاح على الثورة وردة الفعل القوية اتجاه الظلم والإستبداد والعنف. من الأرشيف إلى السينما لغة التعبير، عن الإضطراب؛ تمّ اختيار مجموعة من الأفلام التي تعرض قدرة المرأة خصوصاً في المجتمعات العربية التي تهمشها، وعن أساليب الثورة التقليدية من خلال المظاهرات وإثارة أعمال الشغب في الطرقات، إلى التعليم ورفض تكريس الجهل، إلى محاولة تفكيك تلك العقلية الإستعمارية والإستبدادية السائدة تحت مختلف العناوين الناعمة. أفلام سينمائية من الأرشيف عن بعض الإضطرابات في التاريخ. فيلم Cine tract؛ تمّ إنتاج الفيلم من قبل مجموعة SLON [Société pour le lancement des œuvres nouvelles] خلال فترة الإزدهار السياسي والإبداعي 1968، «لجعل السينما سلاحاً سياسياً في متناول الجميع» تم إنتاجه من خلال صور ثابتة إلتقطت في تولوز أثناء المظاهرات والتجمعات، بكاميرا 16 مم، فيلم صامت بالأسود والأبيض مدته 3 دقائق. فيلم Květnová revoluce 1945؛ هو من نوع سينما الهواة، يعرض مشاهد لحركة الناس في الشوارع والأحياء أثناء تواجد الجنود الألمان، ثم يعرض كيفية فرار الجنود وبعد ذلك كيف تتعامل الشرطة التشيكية مع الجنود الألمان، ثم مشاهد للناس ينظفون الشوارع بعد خروج الجنود والآليات العسكرية. فيلم Le Martyre de la France du nord-est؛ خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى تمّ تدمير مئات القرى والمدن شمال شرق فرنسا، وبات الناس يعيشون بين الأنقاض. يصور هذا الفيلم كيف كانت ردة فعل السكان على واقعهم المزري، رفضاً لمحاولة قتلهم معنوياً إذ عمد الألمان إلى تدمير منهجي من خلال قصف المنشآت الحيوية – الصناعية والزراعية، واستهداف المدارس وتهشيم الكنائس، وقطع الجسور. لكن ولكي يقول الفرنسيون أنهم لا يزالوا أحياء، يعرض الفيلم مشاهد لمرأة توزّع الحليب، ولأطفال يستخدمون الأقنعة الواقية من الغازات للذهاب إلى المدارس، بالإضافة إلى مشاهد من الطبيعة الفرنسية. فيلم Martin Luther King at Newcastle University؛ فيلم تحية لمارتن لوذر كينغ. وهو عبارة عن مشاهد لمارتن لوثر كينغ خلال حفل تخرجه من جامعة نيوكاستل في العام 1967؛ لأنه رمز لثورة الأفارقة. فيلم To live as free men؛ فيلم وثائقي عن مدرسة بنسلفانيا – للأميركيين الأفارقة، في جزر البحر بجنوب كارولينا. يناقش تاريخ العبودية في الجزر ودور المدرسة في تثقيف الأمريكيين من أصل أفريقي لتعليمهم المهارات اللازمة لتحقيق الإكتفاء الذاتي والمساهمة في المجتمع. ولأن العلم يعتبر أول ثورة لمحاربة الجهل والطبقية والإستعباد، فإن الفيلم يسلط الضوء على ثورتهم العلمية والثقافية على واقع فرض عليهم. وأخيراً، فيلم REVOLUTIONARY؛ هو قصة ناشط شيوعي مسنّ يعود من الأسر لكنه يستأنف مع إبنه الراشد النضال من أجل الشيوعية. أما عن سبب اعتماد هذه التراتبية، فلأن الأول يعتبر من أكثر الأفلام القاسية رغم أنه صامت لكن الصورة كافية لتعبر عن صرخة الشعوب المتظاهرة والمنتفضة، ثمّ بعد ذلك يأتي فيلم أحد سينما الهواة الذي لم يعطى تلك الأهمية وقتئذ لكنه حالياً يعتبر من الأرشيف شبه المفقود وإن تلك المشاهد مرغوبة لدى الناس الحاليين من باب التعرف على الماضي، ويأتي في الدرجة الثانية لأنه ينقل ربما نفس طريقة العذاب الذي عاشه الناس لكي يثوروا على واقعهم، أما الفيلم الثالث فهو أيضاً امتداد للعذاب الذي عاشته الشعوب خلال الحروب العالمية لكن لكي ينقل صورة عن مدى قدرة الإنسان الإستمرار في العيش رغم قساوة الأوضاع وتفشي الأمراض، وأيضاً لينقل حقيقة الثورة على الواقع كيف يمكن أن تطبق، خصوصاً فإن البعض يستسلم من خلال الإعتقاد بعدم قدرتهم على فعل أي شيء، يأتي هذا الفيلم ليقول أن الإنسان جاهز حتى لمقارعة الواقع وإن من لم يستطع أن يغير حال حياته فإن على الأقل يستطيع عدم الإستسلام ويستطيع أن يغير حاله الشخصي والإستمرار بالحياة خطوة بخطوة لأفضل. ثم الفيلم الرابع فهو تحية لمارتن لوثر كينغ رمز الثورة في أفريقيا ولأنه هو أعلن أن الثورة تبدأ من شخص المرء ومن خلال التعلم ومتابعة الدراسة لمحاربة الجهل، فإن هذا الفيلم يؤكد صدق ما تحدث به هذا الإنسان العظيم ليكون عبرة أولى ومثال للآخرين. بعدها الفيلم الخامس عن المدرسة للطلاب الأفارقة وهي مصداق لما أتى في السابق أن الثورة الأهم هي الثورة على الجهل، وأن الفيلم يسرد تاريخ الإستعباد ثم كيف استطاع الأطفال أن يثوروا على الواقع رغم الأوضاع القاسية في جزرهم بأن يتابعوا تعليمهم وبالتالي هم من سيغيروا الأحوال القاسية المحيطة بهم. وأما آخر فيلم فهو قصة رجل يأتي من فكر ثوري، سجن بداعي تغيير قناعاته ومبادئه لكنه رغم ذلك لم يتغير وهنا يطرح فكرة الإيمان بالمبدأ وهو أهم ما يجب أن التمتع به لضمان إستمرارية روح الثورة في الشعوب، لذا وبعد خروجه من السجن يستأنف النضل من أجل الشيوعية لتطبيقها رغم الأوضاع الخطرة المحيطة به، بل إنه أيضاً يدعو إبنه لمشاركته النضال ومتابعة الحركة غير آبه للمخاطر. وإن هذه ردة الفعل هي بحد ذاتها أهم أنواع الثورة.

The power of music, which surpasses simple “joy”, has always been an inherent part of all cultures, arts and political movements: Songs of tribesmen and liturgical chants, as different as they may sound, had always strived to aim at the human soul and pierce it, rendering one enchanted and entranced in this deeply human experience. Music itself is an art that was never stagnant, evolving continuously and repeatedly throughout the ages, with European music going from classical to baroque and experiencing the operatic in-between whilst American music was under constant renewal with folk and jazz and the all-too famous rock’n roll. Brazil revealed to the world the samba and bossa nova, all while Africa was blessing us with an indescribable dynamism through its Afrobeat. Yet music, with all of its regarded splendor and larger-than-life influence that transcended the mere here-and-now, became associated with a different art by the early years of the 20th century: Cinema took over as the biggest medium that made the greatest usage of music. Surely, before 1927, the year sound was first introduced to the motion pictures, orchestras would play during projections. Soon these orchestras magically morphed into sound strips accompanying 35 mm projectors that wowed the audience with the effervescent power that music has over the scenes, becoming a second layer of editing, a melodic application of the Koulechov theory and a thruster of events at times with the musicals that later invaded the silver screen! Music on film is not merely present to embellish or increase the impact of a scene, it is also a bearer of thoughts and visions through sound, a detour from that which takes place onscreen, a semi-palimpsest that rewrites our perception of the visual, becoming at times the equivalent of the film’s acoustic identity. Who of us can hear the word Godfather nowadays without imagining Nino Rota’s magisterially elegiac title theme? Or Kieslowski’s Color trilogy without the carefully sprinkled grandiose pieces by Zbigniew Presner? Sometimes a film’s soundtrack becomes even the life and blood of a film (or three) as The Qatsi trilogy were films in need of Philip Glass’ music to work, while the Lord of The Rings trilogy loses more than half of its epic scope with the absence of Howard Shore’s truly magical score, the latter who once said: “I want to write and feel the drama. Music is essentially an emotional language, so you want to feel something from the relationships and build music based on those feelings.” Nevertheless, as music has become a bearer of images of sorts, a cradle in which filmmakers could hide the imperfections of their films in or highlight their strengths, the art itself was never uniformly used in cinema, with its functions constantly fluctuating and its styles morphing into one that suits the medium of film and nothing else, hence the “film music or score”, a term that emerged following the popularization of sound in film. Even the soundtrack-selling business can sometimes be as profitable as a popular artist’s album release, with notable examples including Bruce Springsteen rushing out of cinema after watching The Good, The Bad & The Ugly to buy the soundtrack by Ennio Morricone. Moreover, music has always served as a tool of political dissidence, with slaves in the United States communicating secretly through blues music and labor chants becoming an integral part of class solidarity movement, turning the chants and tunes into fearsome adversaries of the establishment. In this film program, we will present you not only with films that incorporate music as a part of their DNA, but films that incorporate music in staggeringly different ways in order to relay an experience that serves as an eye – and ear – opener to the function of music in the quintessential visual medium: Be it nationalistic propagandas by the government of Japan, an experimental exploration of rhythmic animation and montage, a display of singing’s raw power in challenging the system, an animated trip through the colorful mind of a composer, a sung epic about the triumphs of ancient kings or even a sincere musical journey into the question of womanhood, this program proves that music is not merely a representation of what takes place onscreen, it is its own morphing art that might grace our screens with its presence... and at times disrupt it. By watching Music on Film, you will be exploring the existing symbiosis between image and sound all while facing different applications of music in cinema, even at times seeing the evolution of music’s role in the construction of a moment, a scene, or an entire film. Watch, listen and question what you know about the function of music and musicians in the film world following this musical trip and the mutual influence that exists between both. Enjoy the listening!

Que devient le cinéma sans le visuel ? Dans la salle obscure qui regarde et qui est regardé ? La notion du voyeurisme est une notion relativement négligée du processus réceptif. Je vais dans une salle pour voire. Je ne suis pas dans une perspective d’être vue. Je m’éclipse dans le noir. À partir du moment où l’homme regarde, la notion du voyeurisme s’applique. Qui, ce « semi-homme » est-il en train de regarder dans la salle obscure ? Il ne regarde certainement pas seulement le personnage sur l’écran. « Le cinéma est psychique » d’après Epstein. Ce spectateur est « semi-homme » lorsqu’il regarde d’après d’Edgar Morin, grâce au phénomène de « projection-identification ». Épargnons tous les termes déjà évoqués. Notre sélection se résume à une prise de conscience inconsciente du spectateur, confronté à une succession d’images sur lesquelles, sans histoire il est capable de s’identifier, déjà du fait qu’elles se jouent toutes dans des huis-clos, et que leurs actions soient réduites à celles d’un quotidien commun avec des éléments étranges. Le fantôme n’est pas l’autre car l’apparition surnaturelle d’un personnage à l’écran, auquel je m’identifie, fait de moi aussi un semi-fantôme. La caméra est capable de me transformer en semi-fantôme dès lors que je lui prête mon regard. Le cinéma décompose alors la réalité de l’homme, la recompose à l’écran et permet à l’homme lui-même de la reconstituer à la projection. Ce n’est plus la chose qui compte mais la perception de la chose. L’ambiance hitchcockienne sert à cette prise de conscience révélatrice. Elle pousse « l’angoisse gratuite » à fond et procure le « semi-homme » et la « semi-machine de projection » à déceler le mécanisme de voyeurisme. À partir de ce moment précis, tout devient cinéma et le cinéma devient tout. Le processus de projection sur ce, consiste à faire jouer en loupe toute la sélection, en même temps, dans différentes salles l’une à côté de l’autre. Les motifs constamment récurrent notamment du suspense, permettent au spectateur de se déplacer d’un film à l’autre avec une continuité mentale équilibré. Le montage de cette sélection est physiquement programmé alors, par le spectateur lui-même, qui a besoin de passer d’une pièce à l’autre afin de voir le film suivant. Il est inconsciemment conscient du jeu de montage et du « je » voyeur, qui le pousse à vouloir passer à la salle suivante pour finir par être regardé par l’écran, droit dans les yeux. Cette sélection est une expérience complète des capacités du cinéma, de la combinaison de l’effet technique et du psychisme humain, qui seule est capable de permettre à l’homme de creuser en lui-même et de savoir de quoi il est doté. De quelles capacités mais aussi à quoi il se mêle dans la salle de projection et comment il se métamorphose et devient un « semi-fantôme ».

To dance is to express emotion. Dance has been around for thousands of years. It can be seen as an outlet, a symbol, a passion. As Gene Kelly once said, "You dance love, and you dance joy, and you dance dreams". Dance can be many things, and over the years people have adapted its form to express the human condition of their time. Something however can also be said for the traditions that dance preserves. A time capsule that allows us to glimpse into the past. A cultural heritage that is rich and vibrant in costume, tradition, and history. The folk dance, embodies all of this and is passed on from generation to generation. It is a symbolic dance that ties the joy of its people in their cultural identity and allows spectators an opportunity to glimpse at a tradition seamlessly frozen in time. It is a dance of joy. The films curated in this program all contain folk dances that span a varied mix of countries and cultures. They include the traditional costumes of the people and can all be seen as expressions of joyfulness and pride in a long preserved heritage of cultural identity. Most of the films listed are from European countries pre-World War II. I like to think that, although World War I was a war of atrocities, a lot of Europe's innocence remained intact during this time, and can be seen as an idealistic embodiment through the film footage. Although there are a few from the selection that are included post World War II (Vivante et riante Bretagne 1964, Manigod, village en fête 1955, Festival folklorique international d'Amélie les Bains 1950, and Folk Dancing in Haifa Streets on Independence Day 1950), most can be viewed with this rose tinted lens. Countries included are Romania (Viata la tara 1914), Denmark (Folkedans i Christiansgave 1926), Yugoslavia (Pod Jugoslovenskim nebom, 1934. Selo u okolini Zagreba), Netherlands (De Betuwe bloeit 1935), Spain (Pasqua a Súria 1934), Scotland (Scottish Dances 1915), France (Oloron actualités : Danses espagnoles 1912), and Portugal (A 1ª Festa Vindimária em Lisboa - Outubro de 1936). I hope you enjoy this small glimpse of history told by the people, through dance.

Communication is a necessity for humanity. Without a way to communicate we would be unable to share ideas, express our feelings, or pass along knowledge and memories. Since the dawn of humanity, we have created several different mediums for communication, written language, pictures, photography, film, video, telephones, e-mail, and many more. With the development of each new form of communication, rules and etiquettes were quickly created to maintain societal expectations. I have tried to curate some videos that encapsulate and showcase some of the various mediums and etiquettes of communication as well as the struggle people have in sharing what’s on their mind.

From Vittorio De Sica's 1948 film Bicycle Thieves to Wes Anderson's 2021 film The French Dispatch, the bicycle is a staple of the cinema. A bicycle is more than a alternative to driving a car. This human powered machine is a tool, a exercise device, a sport, a newspaper transporter, and a form of popular culture. The bicycle was pioneered by Baron Karl Friedrich Christian Ludwig Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn. His first prototype the draisine was a foot powered device with two wooden wheels and no pedals. A slightly later iteration, the Velocipede, was a two wheeled device, this time with pedals. Still without rubber tires, these early bicycle used iron bars around the wooden wheels and were known as 'bone shakers'. Today the modern bicycle has a frame made from a combination of steel, carbon fiber, and aluminum, supporting two wheels with rubber tires (always get the Continental Gatorskins), and handlebars, wrapped up in a complex series of gears, pedals, and cables. The bicycle keeps a film going as it can take the viewer from point A to point B. These four films showcase bicycles as more than a leisure activity. In Bill's case from Bill's Bike, he learned about road safety, hard work, and popularity from owning a bicycle in this 1939 experimental film by William Steuber. The Magic of the Bicycle, an animated film from 1965 presented by Arnold Schwinn & Co. (Yes, that famous bicycle company) digs into the early history and public safety. One film that did not make the selection due to time constrictions is the Imperial War Museums' ASSAULT UNITS PREPARE FOR THE INVASION OF EUROPE (PART 2) [Allocated Title]. This two minute film shows a bicycle as a way to carry messages and payment. Le Tour de L'Ariege and the Little 500 highlight bicycles in the realm of sport. This transforms bicycles into a competition with people compete to test their strength and endurance on said bicycles. In the case of the Little 500, bicycles are now a form of culture as a bicycle race takes the form of a festival of sorts. A bicycle can take you anywhere, you just have to figure out where to start.

Flowers first evolved 140 million years ago and have earned the adoration of Earth's creatures ever since. Beyond their undeniable beauty, flowers are versatile, with uses in cooking, decorating, and medicine. We press flowers in books, print them on our clothes, wear them in our hair, and give them as gifts. We grow the kinds we like and uproot those we don’t. We borrow their beauty to enhance our own. Sometimes a flower is just a flower. Sometimes they represent life and death. Love and loss. Joy and pain. Sometimes a single flower can convey more words. In the Victorian era, flowers were exchanged in place of words, becoming a language all their own. Specific blooms carried specific messages or feelings. A yellow lily, for example, indicated happiness and levity, while an orange lily meant hatred. Today, the act of giving flowers still imparts meaning, though the specificity has been largely abandoned. The following 5 films feature various aspects of flowers and use them to indicate various feelings and intentions. Some use them to indicate adoration, others use them to mark a loss of innocence. All but one of the films are silent, which allows the flowers to convey their meaning uninterrupted. As you watch these films, and others, I invite you to “smell the roses” and consider the message of the flowers.

Magic and film go hand-in-hand. The human imagination is, and has always been awash in fairy tales, wives tales, superstitions and ghost stories: Stories about gods and monsters, men and mysticism. Magic could explain what science could not, and, even with the practical explanations of lab-created plastics and negative prints-turned-positive, I still find film to be a magical creation, a miracle of engineering and light, a mechanical means of immortalizing scenes which would otherwise exist once and never again. In the early days of film, when the medium was restricted by heavy, difficult-to-move equipment, as well as colorless and soundless film stock, people nonetheless experimented and worked with the material, creating scenes of magic in moving images. Though early cinematographers did not have access to the digital tools we use today to put magic on the silver screen, they nonetheless ingeniously worked with the physical medium of film to create scenes which defied the norms of everyday life. Hand-painted film, creative costume designs, and clever editing all work in tandem to make stories like Jack and the Beanstalk come to life. Another particularly creative work on this list is The Magic Glass (1914), in which an experiment creates a magnifying glass that can see through walls. Dysfunction ensues as the magic glass allows the family of characters to supernaturally bear witness to each other's improper behaviors. An important component of silent film is shown here as well: The expressiveness of the actors carries the plot along despite the lack of audible speech, a detail which works with the believable “magic” of the film to prove that, though the medium of film was comparatively restricted in the first quarter of the 20th century, those restrictions would be perhaps better understood as film pioneers understood them, simply a component of the medium. As may be apparent at this point, this program expands the idea of magic to encompass all aspects of the supernatural, fantastical, and incredible. This is seen from the oldest of the films featured in this program, The Magician (1900), which features a magician performing tricks for a minute while on a theatrical stage, to the newest, The Magic Wand (1936), a film about children who acquire a magic wand which transforms them into fairy tale creatures and gives them power over their back garden. This film is additionally of interest due to its age. As a 1936 film, sound would have been available, were it created by a major studio. As it is, The Magic Wand is a creative home movie starring the director’s own children, silent due to its provenance rather than as a rule of the medium. Where humans can tell stories, they will tell stories of magic. The modernly perceived limitations of silent film, in several ways, only increase the sense of wonder one gets from viewing magic on early film. While we are used to viewing computer-generated spectacles of magic, the films in this program create true magic, using clever camera and film tricks to create worlds of fantasy.

Parades are a tradition that has a rich history and is present throughout many if not most cultures. According to the Farmer’s Almanac, the earliest record of parades was in prehistoric times from cave paintings. Those paintings showed a group of triumphant hunters carrying the fruits of their labor, the animals that they successfully killed. As society and culture have evolved so too have parades. They have expanded past victorious hunts to victorious victories, to dedications and festivals, and religious processions. They induce many different feelings and atmospheres from celebratory such as commemorating a city’s anniversary or a more somber setting like a funeral procession. They can invoke patriotic passion with military parades or pride when a particular sports team competes. Parades are so prevalent and have the ability to inspire different emotions and create different atmospheres because they have one essential quality, community. To have a parade is to have a community. Parades give the opportunity to build, establish, and celebrate the community. They can do this by presenting a shared culture. This can be done using traditional dress/costume, make up, traditional jobs/tools and transportation such as horses. Parades can also build community by celebrating their city along with the people. They do this by commemorating a day a port was established or the long history of a particular city. The parade is a way to educate those new to the city about their now shared history and a visual representation for children and reinforcement for adults. These values are best represented by various archival films captured throughout the years such as “PERSONAL RECORD. EDGECOMBE, COURTNEY. PARADE”, “Japanese Festival”, “Deulig-Woche 1926 (seit 1926). Parades are fluid and can be used beyond celebrating history. They are also used to create support, acknowledge loss, and propaganda. A sports parade is a perfect example of how showcasing the talents of the athletes, will drum up support from the crowd. This accomplishes two goals; first, the athletes will recognize that their talent won't be wasted and left unseen, second, the community is now aware of the of their athletes’ talents and will feel that they have a stake in their ability. Thus, the community will root for the team/program such as in “Traditional football match, Chula-Thammasat University”. A funeral procession is also an example of how parades can be used beyond celebration. They can be somber affairs. These processions could be used to inform the community that a member has died, and that community will now have to recognize the loss. This can be seen in "ARMANDINHO'S FUNERAL". A parade can also be used for propaganda purposes, to showcase military strength and fortitude. This show of power can galvanize the population and make them feel even more patriotic while also intimidating its critics, take “The Victory Parade" for instance. These films perfectly encapsulate how parades transcends borders and cultures. They are used for a variety of reasons from celebration and remembrance to inauguration and prowess. They can be playful, subdued, rigid and controlled, but one thing they all have in common is there wouldn't be a parade without a corresponding community. In all films shown, the community is present, they are either active participants or spectators. Thus, where there is a community, there is a parade.

I do not know how people end up becoming beekeepers. Maybe it is a craft passed down through their family, a point of pride in their ancestral lineage taught across generations. Maybe it is something learned through a how-to book or a favorite blog. Or maybe they happen upon beekeeping by working in their community garden or taking an introductory class on a whim. For me, it happened after watching the 2010 documentary, Queen of the Sun. I was 16 years old and enthralled by the calmness of the people on the screen and by the sense of bliss they seemed to feel from their experiences working with honeybees. I was mesmerized particularly by a man who went into the apiary without any protective gear on and who brushed his thick mustache across the bees as they moved along a frame of comb. He looked up and smiled at the camera, commenting that the bees liked it, then somewhat prophetically he said that it was the bees who chose the beekeeper, not the other way around. Whatever this strange and wonderful practice was, I wanted to be a part of it. I wanted to be chosen. When my first beekeeping mentor handed me a frame from a beehive, covered in tens of busy little insects moving back and forth millimeters away from my bare hands, I was afraid. Slowly though, I became more comfortable as my mentor taught me how to understand the mood of a beehive using my senses. We wore face coverings but left our hands bare so that we could feel the bees against our skin and make sure we didn’t accidentally hurt or crush any of them (note how many beekeepers in this series wear no protective gear at all). The sounds and smells were important, too. There was a gentle hum when the bees were calm, and an audible uptick in volume and tone when they were starting to get angry. The tense music at the end of Voyage en Bretagne (1948) is a bit misleading because honeybees are remarkably calm when they are in a swarm state, as you’ll see in Honey Country (1950). Beekeeping is a way to connect oneself with something wild and unpredictable and vibrant. The name “beekeeper” has always felt like a misnomer because there is no way to actually “keep” the bees. They can leave whenever they want. When you have a hive of your own, it is your job to interact with the bees, to get to know them, to be a good host, and to keep them happy—I feel this gentle stewardship, especially in Odds & ends around the farm (1945) and hope you do too. There is something special about the relationship between the bees and the beekeeper, no doubt. But I don’t buy that it is something that chooses us. I think all of us have the capacity to slow down, connect to our environment, and become comfortable in situations that can turn on us at any moment. As you watch this short collection of films about bees, beekeeping, and the environments they are a part of, my hope is to position films that communicate the wild exuberance of the beehive (Voyage en Bretagne (1948), Odds & Ends Around the Farm (1945)) against those that position beekeeping through a scientific and/or educational lens (L’Apiculture (1913), Bee-Keeping on the Move (1947), Honey Country (1950)), so that you may observe the tension between the effort to mechanize and tame a creature that is, in so many wonderful ways, untamable. As beekeeping is a practice of presence, I also hope you find it interesting to view this art across different periods in time and within different areas of the world. Though you can’t feel them yourself, perhaps you can imagine the smells and sounds present in the apiaries while you watch as well. Enjoy!

“Coffee for breakfast, coffee at mid-morning break, coffee after lunch, and coffee to round off the day” (“Black or White - Shieldhall Coffee Essence,” 14 - 21 sec.). Coffee is a modern staple the world over, but is taken for granted as a part of everyday life. What follows is an examination of coffee and its impact on the world through film. Just how popular is coffee? A staple of cafés for over a century, coffee has become the de facto beverage for breakfast. Even back in 1966, as shown in the advertisement ‘Census 66 TV Ad 5’, coffee was the drink of choice for breakfast. After all, how else would one power through government census documentation! Another Australian film, this time the educational ‘Behind the Menu’ portrays not just the use of coffee in morning meals, but also the staple in the different solidity-variants of breakfast put together for patients at the hospital. While solidity was optional, coffee was essential for hospital diets. These films help to demonstrate the daily use of coffee. Not just a fad in Australia, the production and use of coffee has been worldwide for many decades. Two films highlight the production phases of coffee and coffee products. The first, ‘South American medley --Brazil’ discusses the harvesting and shipping of coffee from one of the major world producers, Brazil. The other, ‘BLACK OR WHITE - SHIELDHALL COFFEE ESSENCE,’ preserved by the National Library of Scotland, shows the factory production line of a coffee beverage. Taken together, both films imply the world's involvement in creating coffee for consumers. Of course the coffee business did not just consist of production, but a full range of advertisements to market brands and inventions for the perfect cup of jitter juice. To keep pace with the speed and convenience demanded by modern society, coffee maker technology greatly improved. Coffee makers were required to quickly produce high volumes of the caffeinated nectar, like the short clip preserved by the Israel Film Archive ‘Advertisement for the KLS Espresso Machine’ explains. Marketing coffee took drastically different forms to appeal to strategic demographics. Compare the sophisticated and fancy feel of the ‘Yuban Coffee ‘Dining’ ad at the IUMIA to the counterculture themes found in the BFI’s preserved ad ‘Good Strong Coffee.’ Surprisingly, these two advertisements were made only three years apart. These ads also help highlight the world's thirst for coffee products, from Israel, to the United States, to even Great Britain. With the large scale production, wide marketing of industry innovations, and the common usage of coffee, it begs the question of how far is one willing to go to appease their coffee addiction? The limit, while unknown, must be further than war times, as archival footage demonstrates the commitment western nations had to coffee during World War II. The Imperial War Museums provides training footage of Greek special forces in ‘THE GREEK SACRED COMPANY,’ who still managed to brew a pot of java between maneuvering practices in the Tunisian desert. When the United States entered the war, their soldiers came well supplied with coffee thanks in part to Brazil, who donated tens of thousands of sacks of Victory Brand coffee as demonstrated in the short clip ‘Atualidades Movietone as Nacoes Unidas -- outtakes’. Even the lack of available coffee supplies did not stop civilians from enjoying a pot, as they turned to coffee-like alternatives. The Swedish commercial for Skandia coffee replacement comedically shows this in ‘Skandia kaffeersättning – Kaffehuset Skandia Sthlm’. The lengths gone to in order to continue enjoying coffee appears limitless. Two packets of sugar? No sugar? Double-shot? Decaf? With milk? Extra creamer? Just black? Soy? Latte? Cappuccino? Coffee comes in virtually endless combinations based on personal preference. These decisions are not just menu options though. A common social understanding exists that coffee preferences imply deeper personality traits of the drinker. It’s not just a cup of joe to enjoy, but a reflection of Joe as a person. For instance, black coffee with no sugar for the stern boss that is quick to criticize, or decaf with extra cream and sugar for the sensitive soul with anxiety. This connection between coffee and personality traits is presented in the short film ‘Day One,’ directed by Lisa Mulcahy and available from the IFI Irish Film Archive. Take note of Jody’s debate when ordering coffee for her new boss (at about 4 minutes and 30 seconds), and the comedic anxiety that ensues. Finally, coffee has a role in popular culture. Long before the famous coffee shop in the TV series Friends, coffee was used in entertainment; this early comedic clip ‘Marchand de nougat’ from a work created in 1902 showcases what can go wrong for a coffee server when a child plays a prank. Coffee also takes center stage in the entertainment piece through a portion of the Finnish news reel ‘Finlandia-katsaus 251’. The two minute and 24 second mark displays a 1954 coffee competition, in which the winner won their weight in coffee. Even 70 years later, avid coffee connoisseurs are envious of those coffee grinding skills! Surveying film collections for coffee inclusion reveals significant connections between humans, society, and coffee. Enjoying a cup of coffee has created large economic contributions in collecting and processing the noble coffee bean. Clever inventions and marketing keeps coffee relevant and exciting to society, while strengthening the addiction to the beverage; creating a need so strong it perseveres through war and scarcity. The abundant choices in coffee preference also reveal supposed deeper characteristics about us as individuals. Cups of java have even factored into the long history of the entertainment industry. With all this in mind, we’ll have to see what is brewing next for coffee on film.

Since the creation of the first steam locomotive in 1804, the iron horse has captivated much of the world. Tracks stretch from coast to coast, conquering continents and connecting people over vast distances, the railway was a revolution in transportation. The railway has held a significant place not only in the history of the modern world but also in the history of cinema. From the moment the Lumière brothers revealed, The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station, people have been captivated by the locomotive and the film opportunities it presents. Early pictures offered ‘phantom rides’ with views from the front of the locomotive, such as “View from an Engine Front - Barnstaple (1898)” and “Elevated railroad, New York” (1903). To amateur footage of cross country journeys, such as “Glimpses of the Easter Rambler (1963)”, trains have offered an opportunity to film landscapes and stunning vistas. The process of filming and photographing trains and railways has inspired communities of railfans, humorously known as ‘ferroequinologists’ for their study of the iron horse, to document the railways of the world in both the mediums of photograph and film. The films curated for this screening show a wealth of footage from these ferroequinologists from across the past century and beyond. From railway openings (Fra åpningen av Bergensbanen i 1909) to documenting the luxurious experience of the passenger train (The passenger Train, 1940). These films offer a glimpse into the world of the ferroequinologist and the wonderful moments and scenes they have captured, both on and of the train.

Grief, a feeling of loss is ever-present in our lives. From the moment of birth, we are exposed to the world. Growing up, we slowly start to lose the childly idyll and as we get to know the world better, we are faced with more and more grievances. The forms of processing grief, however, vary widely. From mass funerals to individual, desperate and lonely grief, to the collective grief COVID-19 gave rise to, a challenge we are all faced with at the moment, grief can take many forms. Although it varies from person to person, from culture to culture, what is common to all is that grief is the processing of loss, no matter what this loss is and how it came to be. The documentary film ‘Karriguel an Ankou’ and the ‘Funeral of Don Rua’ present us with mass funerals that are impersonal in the sense that grief represents itself not in the form of the emotions of the grieving individual but rather in collective respect for the person who passed away. The movie ‘Karriguel an Ankou’ with shots from the landscape of Bretagne depicts perfectly how constants, such as the movement of the sea, the crashing of waves as well as the Sun reflecting on the sea stand in contradiction but also in an inseparable bond with the transience of life, presented by the person who passed away. This contradiction is also depicted by Marshall Curry’s movie ‘The Neighbors’ Window’. The viewer is presented with a couple tired of engaging with family duties, and their frustration further increased by spying on a madly-in-love couple living across the street. Although the couple’s life seems to be harmonious, it turns out that their life is far from perfect and is shadowed by death. Suddenly, in the face of death and grief, life becomes precious. Todd Karehana’s movie, the ‘Night ride’ presents the viewer with a different approach to grief. The 66 years old mom starts feeding cats in front of their old house, where she lived with her sons, including the one who passed away. As her other son takes her to the house, he aims to find out what brings her mom to their old home every single day, and what stands behind her addiction of feeding stray cats. It turns out, that feeding the stray cats substitutes the constant in her life that was overturned by the death of her son and also gives her an excuse to see the house where she raised her kids and had a happy, idyllic life. The story emphasizes how people cannot be forced to move on, and how grief is an individual process and for this reason, everyone has to find their pace of coping with it. Pinczés Dávid’s short film, ‘Infinity by Two’ also presents us with how habits can help to cope with grief. The two old men know each other so well, that they do not even have to speak to understand each other. However, when death comes up, their conversation becomes absurd. As we find out that they are both blind and deaf, we realize that their conversations happened only in their heads, that their conversation does not require physical presence, that their conversation is a mere memory. Grief represents itself in the memory of their habits. Although the movie is about the loneliness of death, it depicts how we can still find a way to those who passed away. The ‘Life of Rosary Castro-Olega’ represents how our everyday lives are closely connected with the death of the victims of the pandemic. The short documentary tells us how death became ‘normalized’ in the sense that it constitutes an essential part of the new system which Covid-19 gave rise to. This movie presents the story of a victim of the pandemic, making us realize the many stories and precious lives that we lost in the past pandemic years.

Hands have always been an interesting part of the human body. Many times, throughout history, hands have been associated with creation. Whether it is our own creation through the idea of God making man, or what we can create ourselves. All these films listed are stop motion, a tasking, and long process all done by hand. Three of these films are Czech while one is French though, with none to very little audio besides music. All these films focus very intently on hands and the things they create, whether in the form of constant close-ups to a hand being a central character. Beginning with the first film, The Sand Castle (1977), we observe how a single figure alone in the desert creates many unique creatures from the sand who interact with their environment and the other creatures that appear beside them. Continuing with Darkness/Light/Darkness (1989), we watch as a simple pair of hands trapped in a room interact with other individual parts of the human body before creating a whole man, piece by piece. The next film, The Hand (1965), delves a little deeper into the meaning behind one's creation and purpose. Our main character, a puppet who works in ceramics, meets a gloved hand wishing for a bust of itself. The puppet attempts to lose the hand at every turn but, we see how the hand easily takes over the situation, as well as the puppet himself. Our final film on this list, Food (1992), is the only film that combines some live-action with the clay stop motion. Food is separated into three distinctly different parts. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner. We see many closeups of the hands and faces of our characters and how they interact with their meals or unexpected twists that turned into meals. We see situations where hands create food out of inedible things and watch the strangely surreal interpretation of eating. Though these films may confuse and seem bizarre, their interpretations of a basic concept are astounding to watch.

Colonialism, imperialism and depression of other nationalities are part of history and film history. Oppression of nations and cultures took place all around the world, and still do to this very day in various parts under multiple names. In some parts of the world the destruction of culture is talked about, also via film. the first film is the eye of the coloniser, the second film shows rallies against British coloniser in Palestine The third shows liberation from coloniser The fourth shows how to decolonise culture and language.

Our world is filled with different points of view, opinions and experiences, and sometimes is hard to get out of the box, and see beyond what we are used to. In my opinion, Science Fiction and Fantasy films present us with an incredibly powerful opportunity to learn, to open our eyes and minds to different ways of seeing the world and to experience reality in ways that challenge us. This genres helps us wonder, imagine, and dare to create beyond the limits of our daily reality, and this is, I think, is almost like magic. In our challenging and ever-changing reality, this is a quality that cannot be overlooked and should be appreciated, even though in the cinematic universe, this genre tends to receive less validation and appreciation. For this, I have created a program full of Science Fiction and Fantasy films from over the world, that at the very least, will show us new worlds and open our horizons. The films in the program may completely belong to the genres, or have certain elements of them, mixing reality with the unusual, creating an even more intriguing effect.

Throughout the 20th century, kids and teens have been prime targets of political propagandists and advertisers, who downplayed their maturity and, at best, treated them as mere brainless zombies. But youth movements, from the rebels with(out) causes of the 1950s, the political demonstrators of the 60s and 70s to the environmental activists of our most current times, testify to their individual consciousness, which has and continues to be threatened by the state, industry as well as by the children's and youths' own parents. This program compiles 15 selected short films and excerpts - including newsreels, trailers, propaganda pieces, advertisements and essay films - that depict what it meant to be young in the 20th century. The 16 second clip "Side Lines on Sinn Féin" from 1920 portrays the punishment of a young girl just for talking to the enemy and comes especially recommended by the curator. The short Danish propaganda piece "Ungdom I arbedje" (Youth at Work) from 1941 depicts unemployed youths detained in working camps and used as forced labour in an effort to keep them off the streets. A 1933 newsreel from New Zealand, meanwhile, depicts boys planting trees for their government. What seems like fun and games on the surface is simmering underneath. The same goes for the 1965 Australian short "Trespass on Summerland" (1965). Examples of film reports from times of social upheaval include the 1970 documentary short "Gay and Proud", featuring many young Americans at the first Christopher Street Day Parade in New York City. Finally, two lyrical essay films by young amateurs that portray a sense of disenchantment with the world - "Pixillation" (1976) and "New York 1981" (1981) - serve here as allegories for the many dreams of the protesters from those days that have failed to materialise in the interim. The films have been chosen for the ability of the images to speak for themselves, with or without a full understanding of historical context that lies beneath each of their surfaces on the part of the viewer. The selected films are presented here in chronological order, but viewers should feel free to explore them in whatever order they like.

Film archives are brim full of documentaries, newsreels and amateur footage which depict people around the world living, singing, dancing or working together. The need to maintain social distancing meant that almost every crowded event worldwide was canceled in 2020. Looking back on our present from the future, one will be confronted with an archival "gap": Due to the cancelling of shows, carnival, sport events, music festivals, exhibitions, etc., no records of these events are being produced that would otherwise have landed in the archives. Instead, all you will find are sports games without an audience or demonstrations against Trump, Lukashenko or other controversial political figures. This programme of 10 films from the last 100 years depict life before the Covid-19 pandemic, from Sydney to Reykjavík, Santander to Tel Aviv. Two of the films date from 1917 and 1920 respectively; a time when tens of millions of human beings throughout the world succumbed to the "Spanish Flu".

This programme includes selected examples of films on the subject of fashion - its creation and presentation. Due to their documentary character, the films for the most part depict prevailing fashions pertaining to a specific time and place, and thus together paint a colourful picture of an industry in motion. The range of subjects include photo sessions, fashion shows and catwalk events from different countries and epochs. The selection also includes advertisements, remixes as well as both short and longer films about the development and use of technology in the fashion world. The running order does not follow a strict chronology but is deliberately erratic on both temporal and spatial levels in an attempt to highlight specific details and offer different insights. Finally, it should be noted that the contributions present vivid images from a time before ours and, as a result, can convey values that may nowadays be viewed as problematic. The blatant sexualization of the (mostly) female models had and still has a certain status within the fashion industry. Any content perceived as problematic should always be considered within the appropriate historical context. It is not the aim of this programme to glorify the stereotypes and sexualized imagery depicted in the films but to use the audiovisual documents to portray an ever-evolving and dynamic industry over time.

Finding a mushroom can be serendipitous; finding an edible shroom all the more so. Mushroom foraging in the wild requires skill, yes, but also a symbiosis with an ecosystem that resists agricultural control. Mushroom foraging evokes a special knowledge. Per Anna Tsing, the act of mushroom foraging is haunted by the commons. Foraging’s governmental (and technoscientific) regulation reveals how mushrooms can trouble systems of public and private. An elated woman picks a mushroom in the wild; a doctor warns wild mushrooms can kill; agricultural science lays claim to the cultivation and harvest of mushrooms. These five films visualize how mushrooms inspire joy, provoke fear, and therefore require control.

In 1896, following a presentation of the Lumiere cinematograph, the Russian writer Maxim Gorky described the moving images he saw as a “Kingdom of Shadows,” representing “not life but its shadow,” a world of “ashen grey” that “invade(s) your mind and your consciousness begins to wane and grow dim…” Theorists as varied as Eisenstein, Bazin and Metz agreed that the basic material of the cinema was an impression of reality, the point of discussion centered on how the material is to be treated. But it was a grey shadow of reality, as Gorky noted, its mystique stemming from the uncanny valley effect of this filtered mirror. Film captured the rays of light at a particular moment in time, and so reconstructed an impression of a specific moment. The art of the cinema constitutes an effort to expand and construct a sequence from these moments, the raw material being transformed into a meaningful work. With montage and other effects, the uncanny valley can be filled. Gorky’s “Kingdom of Shadows” is separated from reality by a plurality of factors, but chief among them are the two-dimensionality of the cinema (the fact that if one turns away for a moment the illusory nature of the film image becomes obvious), the lack of sound, and the lack of color. Since the technology for virtual reality was too far in the future, the silent era saw numerous attempts to incorporate sound and color into film. While much has been said about the use of music and sound effects in silent film, the use of color in this period is not as prevalent in our cultural memory. Sound appears to have been the most important of the three aforementioned aspects, as, when synchronized, it closely ties the image to a soundscape and a specific reality, even without color or a third dimension. However, color can be played with if the image is not tied to an audial reality. Indeed, color in silent film often exacerbates the uncanny valley, and creates a more mysterious, esoteric cinema. Without a voice, the screen images gain a surreal, ghostly feeling. After all, color is completely subjective, depending entirely on lighting, but sound is more easily measured. Lack of sound gives film a surreal, ethereal quality. Color in this context creates a unique aesthetic that is not often seen. This program presents a number of silent films which represent various methods of incorporating color into film and display an uncanny, mystical effect stemming from silent color films. Development of methods for creating color film, from hand-painting individual frames to the more modern dye system later adopted, can be traced through these short films, as well as color’s thematic engagement; elevating the magical elements of a fantasy, heightening the documentation of important locales, and amplifying a call to war. La fee carabosse (1906), a typically creative short from the French magician Georges Melies, exhibits one of the earliest attempts at film colorization. Each frame was painstakingly hand-painted by workers in Melies’s studio, the bright colors augmenting the fantastical elements on screen. Melies was not concerned with color as a property of reality, but as a way of extending the theatricality of his work, which features a witch casting spells, fairy-tale monsters and ghosts amongst other such elements. Aesthetically, the sets and backdrops look artificial, and are typical of theatrical productions. Colorization in this case comes not from manipulation of the photograph, but from the medium of paint, being more in tune with the theatricality and intentional artificiality of the film. Melies’s films are grounded in the traditions of fine arts (especially as incorporated into theatrical arts), and this dictates how he employs color. Der Heimat Schutzengraben (1916) would not be considered to be a color film in the usual sense, but color plays an important role. This German propaganda film, dating to the First World War, urges its audience to buy war bonds. Exemplified here is a standard utilization of color in the silent era; that is, the tinting method. Film reels would be stained, tinting the image a particular color. Films would often switch from black/white to sepia, green, white, blue or yellow. At times, a director would intentionally tint certain segments a certain tone (Abel Gance’s Napoleon, for instance, contains a finale which, as originally conceived, would have three projectors running against three screens, each projector loaded with film of a different tint, so that the triptych seen by the audience would resemble the French flag in its colors). But many films have not been consistent in their tinting across prints. Nevertheless, it was the main way in which color was used throughout much of the silent era, and this short piece represents the typical ways in which color shifts were experienced in film of the time. [Sujets Suissess Pathe-Revue. Suisse-Berne-Fribourg.] (1920) is an authorless nonfiction vignette depicting “Swiss Themes,” showing historical and tourist sites of Switzerland. The colorization process used here marked an advance from previous methods, employing stencils to tint certain parts of the screen specific colors. Allowing for colors that corresponded more closely to reality as we perceive it, this specificity of color was a shift that pulled film out of its shadowy world, with the possibility that it could reflect reality even more closely. Etude de la lumiere (1923) is an experimental film by Maurice Audibert, an early example of film using a trichrome method for color. According to the Cinematheque Francais, its current parent, it used a method that captured three images through three primary color filters, which were then conflated to create a color image. Audibert was an automobile manufacturer, but became interested in the potential of color film. Ultimately, a tri-color system using dyes was adopted as the standard, but the filter method used in this film was important in that it marked a shift from hand-painting and tinting to capturing the natural colors on the celluloid itself. Etude is short and non-narrative, acting as a vehicle for showing off the new technology. The colors are darker and less defined as the standard colorization process of later years, capturing the colors of the most important shapes in the frame, but shrouding the rest in darkness. Father and Kid NYC (c. 1940s), the final entry in this program, is an example of the color film that is familiar to us. While it shows the finale of the progression traced here, it is also unique as a silent film. Home movies were silent for many years after sound became a major component of professional motion pictures. Father and Kid shows the aesthetic of silent color film continuing years after the silent era is generally thought to end. Indeed, any evaluation placing the end of silent film in the late 1930s ignores decades of amateur home footage. The arrival of home movies was a revival of the aesthetic of early silent film, in which the ghostly nature of the shadowy reflection gave mundane, everyday subjects a captivating, mysterious quality. As we watch family life in 1940s New York City, this banal subject becomes surreal and ethereal. Their lack of a voice makes them curious, and provides a tinted window into a world long gone.

Brief archival exploration intersecting cinema, sexuality and transnational journeys, which are fundamental to the histories of national cinemas. / Breve exploración archivística intersectando cine, sexualidad y jornadas transnacionales, que son fundamentales para las historias de las cinematografías nacionales.